PhysioEx 9.0 exercise 3

Exercise 3
Activity 1
Describe what would happen to a resting membrane potential if the concentration of large intracellular anions that are unable to cross the membrane is experimentally increased.
Activity 2
Are graded potentials always depolarizing? Do grade receptor potentials always make it easier to induce action potentials?
Based on the definition of membrane depolarization in this activity, define membrane hyperpolarization
Activity 8
If you added more sodium to the extracellular solution, could the sodium substitute for the missing calcium?
Activity 9
Why were the peak values of the actgion potentials at R2 and R4 the same when you applied a strong stimulus?
Why is the resting membrane potential the same value in both the sensory neuron and the interneuron?