The word civilization derives from the Latin word, civis, referring to one who is an inhabitant of a ...

The word civilization derives from the Latin word, civis, referring to one who is an inhabitant of a city, and civitas, which refers to the urban community in which one lives. The word civilization connotes refinement and progress, but in anthropology, the term refers to:
 
  a. the independence of people to do what they desire.
  b. societies in which small numbers of people live in socially stratified political systems.
  c. societies in which large numbers of people live in political systems that lack stratification.
  d. societies in which large numbers of people live in socially stratified political systems.
  e. central inhabited cities where transportation and communication hubs exist.