(Solved) How Blood Pressure effects Dehydration and Hyperhydration

Relationship Between Flow, Pressure, and Resistance

If blood pressure increases, blood flow increases; if peripheral resistance increases, blood flow decreases. Peripheral resistance is the most important factor influencing local blood flow, because vasoconstriction or vasodilation can dramatically alter local blood flow, while systemic blood pressure remains unchanged. Venous blood pressure changes very little during the cardiac cycle, and is low,
reflecting cumulative effects of peripheral resistance.

Short-term neural controls of peripheral resistance alter blood distribution to meet specific tissue demands, and maintain adequate MAP by altering blood vessel diameter.

1. The vasomotor center is a cluster of sympathetic neurons in the medulla that controls changes in the diameter of blood vessels.
2. Baroreceptors detect stretch and send impulses to the vasomotor center, inhibiting its activity and promoting vasodilation of arterioles and veins.
3. Chemoreceptors detect a rise in carbon dioxide levels of the blood, and stimulate the cardioacceleratory and vasomotor centers, which increases cardiac output and vasoconstriction.
4. The cortex and hypothalamus can modify arterial pressure by signaling the medullary centers.

Resistance is a measure of the friction between blood and the vessel wall, and arises from three sources: blood viscosity, blood vessel length, and blood vessel diameter.

Cardiac output is defined as the amount of blood pumped out of a ventricle per beat, and is calculated as the product of stroke volume and heart rate.

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How Blood Pressure effects Dehydration and Hyperhydration

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