Which generalization about urbanization in the late nineteenth century is NOT accurate?

Which generalization about urbanization in the late nineteenth century is NOT accurate?
 
  a. In rapidly developing countries, cities tended to integrate ethnic minorities into the country's dominant ethnic group.
  b. New professional social workers, city planners, and transportation and sanitation engineers replaced civic-minded volunteers.
  c. Sanitation, public order, and public transportation improved significantly.
  d. Urban populations yearned for the idyllic lifestyle of the countryside.
  e. Education, the press, and patriotic campaigns made city dwellers into loyal citizens.