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Pre-Lab Questions Identify three major similarities and differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. All cells share four components: plasma membrane, cytoplasm, DNA, and ribosomes. Prokaryotic cells are simple, single-celled organism that lacks a nucleus, or any other membrane bound organelle. Eukaryotic cells have a membrane bound nucleus and other membrane bound organelles. Prokaryotic cells are smaller in size than eukaryotic cells. Where is the DNA housed in a prokaryotic cell? Where is it housed in a eukaryotic cell? Prokaryotic – Nucleoid Eukaryotic – Nucleus Identify three structures which provide support and protection in a eukaryotic cell. Cytoplasm Cell wall Cytoskeleton Experiment 1: Identifying Cell Structures Post-Lab Questions Label each of the arrows in the following slide image: A – Chromosomes B – Nucleus C – Cytoplasm D – Cell Wall What is the difference between the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum? Rough ER – ribosomes attached to it’s cytoplasmic surface give it a studded appearance, transfer newly synthesized proteins into the lumen of the RER, and makes phospholipids for cell membranes. Sooth ER – has few or no ribosomes, synthesizes carbohydrates, lipids, and steroid hormones. Would an animal cell be able to survive without mitochondria? Why or why not? No, because the mitochondria produces the energy needed for the cells. What could you determine about a specimen if you observed a slide image showing the specimen with a cell wall, but no nucleus or mitochondria? The specimen is a prokaryotic cell. Hypothesize why parts of a plant, such as the leaves, are green, but other parts, such as the roots, are not. Use scientific reasoning to support your hypothesis. Some parts of the plants are not green because they lack chlorophyl which captures the energy of sunlight for photosynthesis and contains a green pigment. To do so, it would need to be exposed to sunlight versus the roots or other parts. Experiment 2: Create a Cell Post-Lab Questions What cell structures did you place in the plant cell that you did not place in the animal cell? Chloroplasts, cell wall, and centrosome Is there any difference in the structure of the two cells? Plant cell – has a cell wall, no lysosome, has chloroplasts, vacuoles are larger Animal cell – no cell wall, has a lysosome, vacuoles are smaller What structures do organisms that lack cell walls have for support? Cytoskeletons and cytoplasm that provide structure and maintain the cell’s shape. How are organelles in a cell like organs in a human body? They all have specific functions that help the cell exist and continue to support homeostasis in the cell like human bodies. How does the structure of a cell suggest its function? List three examples. The structure of cells with flagella needs mobility; hair-like structure The structure of the cellular membrane are barriers; permeable or semi permeable membrane (hydrophobic or hydrophilic) The structure of the nucleus in a cell is to house and pass on DNA; central location
