Transcript
QUESTION 1
Which of the following emerged from the rampant destruction during the Spring and Autumn and the Warring States periods?
a.
an increase in the number of political entities
b.
new political institutions and ideologies
c.
new smelting techniques, allowing the development of bronze battle axes
d.
an increase in population
QUESTION 2
What happened during the Warring States period of the Eastern Zhou dynasty?
a.
The warfare among the territorial states remained small in comparison with that in Southwest Asia.
b.
The territorial states sought to maintain a balance of power and would re-form coalitions if one state became too powerful.
c.
Power became concentrated in the major states’ rulers.
d.
The Zhou king lost all formal authority over the territorial states.
QUESTION 3
What did Confucius set out in search of?
a.
the secret to everlasting life
b.
wealth
c.
fame
d.
an enlightened ruler
QUESTION 4
Which of the following accurately reflects Confucius’s belief concerning why people behave ethically?
a.
for fear of punishment
b.
in order to achieve a place in heaven
c.
out of respect for the teachings of scholars
d.
It is a human characteristic to do so.
QUESTION 5
Which of the following is true about Confucius?
a.
He believed that scholars were corrupted by government work and should establish themselves as moral spokespersons removed from political activity.
b.
He only accepted individuals of noble background as his students, as he believed commoners were too crude for moral contemplation.
c.
He set forth a new moral framework stressing correct performance of ritual, responsibility, loyalty to the family, and perfection of moral character.
d.
He taught that strong, coercive laws and punishments were needed to maintain moral order in society.
QUESTION 6
Which of the following is correct about Daoism?
a.
It believed that its followers had a responsibility to entergovernment service in order to promote moral behavior.
b.
It taught that the best way to live was to follow the natural order of things.
c.
It criticized Confucianism for teaching an unnatural social equality.
d.
It established a ritualized system of meditation as the foundation of controlling events in one’s life.
QUESTION 7
The notion that people are primarily evil and require moral education and authoritarian control is characteristic of which branch of Chinese thought?
a.
Daoism
b.
Confucianism
c.
Legalism
d.
Mohism
QUESTION 8
What distinguished governments in the Warring States period from other Afro-Eurasian political systems at the time?
a.
political fragmentation
b.
the strong city-state
c.
philosopher kings
d.
the bonds that rulers forged with their scholarly elites
QUESTION 9
Qin government minister Shang Yang implemented which key political reform?
a.
decreasing the power of the state in favor of locally elected councils
b.
solidifying direct rule of regions under the sovereign
c.
rewarding or punishing nobles for their military achievements (or lack thereof)
d.
creating a lenient legal code that stressed rewards for good behavior rather than punishments for crimes
QUESTION 10
Which of the following accurately compares Chinese territorial states and Mediterranean city-states?
a.
Chinese territorial states could produce armies of up to 1 million men, while Athens could produce only 20,000.
b.
Both relied heavily on the navy to win battles.
c.
Both relied on nobles fighting from chariots.
d.
Mediterranean city-states developed siege warfare and defensive walls, but the Chinese territorial states fought only on open plains where their chariots were free to maneuver.
QUESTION 11
Which of the following about the Warring States period in China is correct?
a.
Bureaucratic officials were replaced with loyal family members.
b.
Gender relations became more flexible as the economic value of women increased due to their work in the fields.
c.
Social relations became more fluid as commoners were able to gain more economic power.
d.
Peasants were permitted to travel broadly in order to obtain the best price for their crops.
QUESTION 12
Which of the following accurately characterizes economic changes in the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods in China?
a.
Public projects, such as draining swamps and improving irrigation and canals, opened more acreage for agriculture.
b.
Peasants participated in a market economy, using minted coins to buy and sell products and services.
c.
A declining population led to a higher standard of living for massive numbers of Chinese peasants.
d.
Peasants’ productivity decreased, as peasants could now enjoy the benefits of their own labor.
QUESTION 13
In South Asia, what were specialized subcastes that maintained a communal structure by marrying within their own group called?
a.
Shudras
b.
Jati
c.
varna
d.
Vaishyas
QUESTION 14
Which of the following most accurately describes Jainist beliefs?
a.
Prayer rituals to the gods must be strictly observed so that the gods will intercede in the universe to aid the believer.
b.
Every living creature has a soul and must not be harmed.
c.
Peasants were the most numerous followers of Mahavira.
d.
The good life involves enjoying moderation in all things.
QUESTION 15
Which of the following about Siddhartha Gautama, known as the Buddha, is correct?
a.
He came from a family of poor peasants.
b.
He criticized the Brahmans for having abandoned their rituals and sacrifices.
c.
He lived part of his life with ascetics.
d.
He sought funding for his teachings by supporting royal power throughout South Asia.
QUESTION 16
What is the purpose of Buddhism’s Eightfold Path?
a.
to embrace desire as the key to reaching a state of contentment
b.
to rid oneself of desire and to reach nirvana
c.
to create a trancelike state by following eight distinct rituals
d.
to enforce the practice of extreme asceticism
QUESTION 17
Which of the following characterized the borderland societies of the eastern Mediterranean around 1000 BCE?
a.
Because these societies were insular, there was little reason for warfare between them.
b.
Several territorial states arose in the western Mediterranean and then invaded the eastern Mediterranean in a search for raw materials.
c.
Because of their geographic location on the Mediterranean Sea, new ideas such as the alphabet and use of money spread rapidly.
d.
They became dominated by large regional states such as Persia.
QUESTION 18
Which of the following about Chavín society is correct?
a.
It established a spiritual center in caves on the coast of Peru that echoed with “divine voices.”
b.
It established devotional cults focused on astronomical events and the movement of stars and planets.
c.
It collapsed suddenly and left little imprint on later culture/societies.
d.
It had priests who took hallucinogenic drugs that they believed would turn them into jaguars.
QUESTION 19
Which of the following about Olmec cities is correct?
a.
They were devotional centers featuring ma
ssive earthen mounds, platforms, palaces, and plazas.
b.
They evidenced little planning or organization in their construction.
c.
They lacked a clearly developed artistic or iconographic tradition.
d.
They served as political centers from which kings established their authority.
QUESTION 20
Which of the following is the most likely reason for the loss of Olmec urban centers in the middle of the first millennium BCE?
a.
The Olmec rulers claimed to descend from divine ancestors, angering the priestly class.
b.
The Olmec population dropped drastically, because of a prolonged drought.
c.
The Olmecs were invaded and conquered by the Toltecs, as seen by the destruction of many ritual centers.
d.
The machinery for bringing resources to the Olmec capitals failed, leading to the collapse of the social and cultural hierarchy.
