...fungi, protists, & bacteria – based on...
...domains are called Bacteria, Archaea, & Eukarya....
...3 domains – Bacteria & Archaea –...
...prokaryotes, including mostly bacteria and archaea. Microbial...
...carbonate or silicate. Bacteria & archaea that...
...surfaces & other bacteria for conjugation. Plasmids,...
...many species of bacteria. Both Bacteria &...
...of bacteria. Both Bacteria & Archaea are...
...cross-linked to peptides. Bacteria are divided into...
...of peptidoglycan. Gram-negative bacteria have a thinner...
...viruses that infect bacteria, move DNA from...
...pathogenic prokaryotes are Bacteria There are no...
...pandemics caused by Bacteria have been documented...
...resistant strains of bacteria. In 430 B.C....
...conquerors brought disease-causing bacteria & viruses with...
...reasons for resistant bacteria is the overuse...
...resistant forms of bacteria. The antibiotic kills...
...of the infecting bacteria, & therefore only...
...contaminated with pathogenic bacteria, viruses, or other...
...contaminated with harmful bacteria of different species....
...that contains both bacteria & archaea. Cheese...
...Several species of bacteria can carry out...
...nontoxic forms. These bacteria, such as Pseudomonas...
...nutrients that help bacteria already present in...
...to grow. Hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria feed on the...
...oil, while other bacteria degrade the oil...
...genetically engineered other bacteria to consume petroleum...
...of species of bacteria & archaea, with...
...far have identified bacteria that produce antimicrobial...
...infections by pathogenic bacteria. Researchers are actively...
...functioning of photosynthetic bacteria over millions of...
...their origins in bacteria. Several endosymbiotic events...
...specific group of bacteria & are surrounded...
...cristae resembling certain bacteria's textured outer surface....
...those expressed by bacteria. Mitochondria also have...
...organisms ranging from bacteria to mammals. As...
...is produced by bacteria living within the...
...protists, fungi, & bacteria, life would cease...
...treat because, unlike bacteria, they do not...
...DNA) seen in bacteria. Fungal cells also...
...treat because, unlike bacteria, fungi are eukaryotes....
...normal population of bacteria is altered, causing...
...the growth of bacteria, & limit competition...

...OF VIRUSES AND BACTERIA Introduction Viruses and...
...Introduction Viruses and bacteria are the simplest...
...translation. Viruses and bacteria also have interesting,...
...that they cause. Bacteria are prokaryotic organisms....
...designed to remove bacteria. In 1897 Martinus...
...generally lethal to bacteria. In 1935, Wendell...
...viruses that infect bacteria, called bacteriophages or...
...in just hours, bacteria have defenses against...
...type of phage. Bacteria produce restriction nucleases...
...Modifications to the bacteria’s own DNA prevent...
...which can kill bacteria by inhibiting enzymes...
...processes specific to bacteria, are powerless against...
...Plasmids, found in bacteria and in the...
...The Genetics of Bacteria 1. The short...
...generation span of bacteria helps them adapt...
...to changing environments Bacteria are very adaptable....
...environment by individual bacteria. The major component...
...In addition, many bacteria have plasmids, much...
...origin of replication. Bacteria proliferate very rapidly...
...107 to 108 bacteria in as little...
...2 x 1010 bacteria lost each day...
...most of the bacteria in a colony...
...produce about 2,000 bacteria in the human...
...generation spans. Individual bacteria that are genetically...
...harmless Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria can be transformed...
...transfer genes between bacteria. Conjugation transfers genetic...
...DNA. This recombinant bacteria has genes from...
...target site. In bacteria, the target site...
...may not benefit bacteria in any specific...
...transposons may help bacteria adapt to new...
...expression enables individual bacteria to adjust their...
...gene expression in bacteria. An operon consists...
...it controls. In bacteria, the genes coding...

...including lichens, fungi, bacteria, mosses, and the...
...about 5 billion bacteria that cohabit with...
...the action of bacteria and fungi on...
...metabolism of soil bacteria makes nitrogen available...
...microbes, including ammonifying bacteria. Nitrogen is lost...
...microbes called denitrifying bacteria converts NO3- to...
...the atmosphere. Other bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, restock...
...Other bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, restock nitrogenous minerals...
...species of free-living bacteria and several others...
...+ 16Pi Nitrogen-fixing bacteria are most abundant...
...absorb. However, nitrifying bacteria in the soil...
...certain species of bacteria and fungi that...
...fixation (roots and bacteria) and the formation...
...between roots and bacteria Many plant families...
...relationships with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. This provides their...
...that contain nitrogen-fixing bacteria of the genus...
...the nodule, Rhizobium bacteria assume a form...
...nodules begins after bacteria enter the root...
...attract the Rhizobium bacteria and chemical signals...
...signals from the bacteria lead to the...
...• (2) The bacteria penetrate the root...
...are “infected” with bacteria in vesicles continues...
...legume and nitrogen-fixing bacteria is mutualistic, with...
...partners benefiting. The bacteria supply the legume...
...plant provides the bacteria with carbohydrates and...
...the correct Rhizobium bacteria or dusted with...
...grasses host nitrogen-fixing bacteria of the actinomycete...
...between legume and bacteria and the development...
...dialogue between the bacteria and the root....
...plant from pathogenic bacteria and pathogenic fungi...
...secreted by Rhizobium bacteria are related to...

...diseases caused by bacteria include tuberculosis, cholera,...
...poisoning. However, more bacteria are benign or...
...benign or beneficial. Bacteria in our intestines...
...million species. 2. Bacteria and archaea are...
...branches are the bacteria and the archaea....
...and differ from bacteria in many key...
...prokaryotic domains: domain Bacteria and domain Archaea....
...decision is that bacteria and archaea diverged...
...for identifying specific bacteria based on differences...
...cell walls. Gram-positive bacteria have simpler cell...
...of peptidoglycans. Gram-negative bacteria have more complex...
...lipids. Among pathogenic bacteria, gram-negative species are...
...their hosts. Gram-negative bacteria are commonly more...
...many species of bacteria without affecting humans...
...can fasten pathogenic bacteria to the mucous...
...in spirochetes, helical bacteria. Two or more...
...harsh conditions. Some bacteria form resistant cells,...
...to combat pathogenic bacteria. C. Nutritional and...
...broken down by bacteria are said to...
...ecosystems. Some chemoautotrophic bacteria convert ammonium (NH4+)...
...identification of pathogenic bacteria in a clinical...
...as are gram-negative bacteria. Some traditional phenotype-based...
...domains Archaea and Bacteria. A comparison of...
...the three domains—Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya—demonstrates that...
...eukaryotes as with bacteria. The archaea also...
...known prokarotes are bacteria The name bacteria...
...bacteria The name bacteria was once synonymous...
...known prokaryotes are bacteria. Every nutritional and...
...of species of bacteria. The major bacterial...
...fish provides bioluminescent bacteria under its eye...
...the prokaryote. Fermenting bacteria in the human...
...harmful microorganisms. Other bacteria are pathogens. 3....
...by Haemophilus influenzae bacteria. Some pathogens are...
...diseases to specific bacteria. He identified the...
...He identified the bacteria responsible for anthrax...
...anthrax and the bacteria that cause tuberculosis....
...of some gram-negative bacteria. The endotoxin-producing bacteria...
...bacteria. The endotoxin-producing bacteria in the genus...
...from the soil bacteria Streptomyces. The decline...
...not removal) of bacteria as threats to...
...strains of pathogenic bacteria is a serious...
...human sewage. Anaerobic bacteria decompose the organic...
...liquid wastes. Soil bacteria, called pseudomonads, have...
...Humans also use bacteria as metabolic “factories”...
...other products from bacteria. The pharmaceutical industry...
...pharmaceutical industry cultures bacteria to produce vitamins...
...food industry uses bacteria to convert milk...

...binary fission in bacteria. Asexual reproduction of...
...associated proteins. Although bacteria are smaller and...

...with microorganisms, like bacteria and viruses. The...
...live R strain bacteria and injected this...
...the genes of bacteria could not be...
...the infection of bacteria by viruses. Viruses...
...that specifically attack bacteria are called bacteriophages...
...a common intestinal bacteria of mammals. This...
...remained outside the bacteria. The mixtures were...
...that when the bacteria had been infected...
...pellet with the bacteria. Hershey and Chase...
...of replication. In bacteria, this is a...
...per second in bacteria and 50 per...

...the study of bacteria, algae, fungi, viruses...
...which two: A) bacteria (some of which...
...nucleic acids) D) bacteria (some of which...
...B) agglutination of bacteria in immune serum...
...to kill specific bacteria, the only chemotherapies...
...to destroy specific bacteria without damaging surrounding...
...except: A) most bacteria that stopped the...
...growth of other bacteria by producing antibiotics...
...antibiotics were soil bacteria B) Fleming noticed...
...the growth of bacteria adjacent to itself...
...discoveries depended on bacteria? A) that the...
...a previously harmless bacteria to change into...
...a disease causing bacteria was due to...
...specific kinds of bacteria including antibiotic resistant...
...including antibiotic resistant bacteria C) used to...
...A) viruses B) bacteria C) protozoa D)...
...following except A) bacteria B) viruses C)...
...a mushroom? A) bacteria B) protozoa C)...
...a culture containing bacteria that all have...
...C) prevents getting bacteria into ground beef...
...from the same bacteria that doesn't affect...
...from the same bacteria which is harmless...
...is that the bacteria has to be...
...modified or different bacteria. Or perhaps the...
...host encounters the bacteria determines who gets...
...the number of bacteria encountered, or the...
...susceptible to commensal bacteria causing disease. 1.4...
...has suggested that bacteria are living below...

...and animals C) Bacteria and fungi D)...
...and fungi D) Bacteria and Archaea 3)...
...________ _ A) Bacteria . B) fungi....
...C) viruses. D) Bacteria . 7) Cyanobacteria...
...A) gram -positive Bacteria. B) Archaea ....
...C) gram -negative Bacteria. D) Eukarya ....
...______ __ A) bacteria. B) eukaryotes. C)...
...specific lineages of Bacteria? __ A) clinical...
...a solution. 36) Bacteria stain as gram...
...Only gram -negative Bacteria have cell walls....
...Eukarya than to Bacteria. 47) ______ __...
...(or phylum) of Bacteria is the ________....

...growth of nearby bacteria. Which of the...
...so that the bacteria couldn't grow. B)...
...that killed nearby bacteria. C) The bacteria...
...bacteria. C) The bacteria changed their DNA...
...new species of bacteria is discovered, it...
...development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria B) flightless birds...
...divides into two bacteria that are identical...
...C 58) The Bacteria and Eukarya domains...
...all members of Bacteria being single-celled and...
...multicellular. B) all Bacteria getting nutrients via...
...reproduce. D) in Bacteria, the absence or...
...TRUE 8) Photosynthetic bacteria are examples of...
...________. Answer: Archaea; Bacteria 8) Cells that...
...capacity to evolve (bacteria have evolved antibiotic...
...photosynthetic species of Bacteria. C) heterotrophic species...

...Pathogenic Microorganisms Viruses Bacteria Protozoa Fungi Helminths...
...of prions, viruses, bacteria, protozoa, fungi, and...
...of prions, viruses, bacteria, protozoa, fungi, and...
...of proteins. A) bacteria B) capsid C)...
...a _____. A) bacteria B) capsid C)...
...and organelles. A) Bacteria B) Capsid C)...
...Objective 5 28) Bacteria that have spherical...
...much larger than bacteria B) much larger...
...much smaller than bacteria D) much smaller...
...Some species of bacteria produce _____ that...
...that permit these bacteria to survive drying,...
...in controlling gram-negative bacteria D) the cell...
...in controlling gram-positive bacteria Answer: D Objective...
...rubella _____. A) bacteria B) fungi C)...
...Objective 3 17) Bacteria are microscopic, single-celled...
...Objective 3 18) Bacteria that are comma-shaped...
...resistance arises when bacteria adapt to antibiotics....
...Objective 3 12) Bacteria have _____, a...
...Objective 3 13) Bacteria that have rod-shaped...
...Objective 3 14) Bacteria that have corkscrew-shaped...
...Objective 3 15) Bacteria that have spiral-shaped...
...3 17) Some bacteria have a particularly...
...prions, viruses, and bacteria. Answer: Prions are...
...metabolize, or reproduce. Bacteria are single-celled organisms...
...different forms of bacteria, such as bacilli,...
...much larger than bacteria and have complex...
...Bordetella pertussis. The bacteria are spread by...
...Clostridium tetani. The bacteria are found in...