Chapter 9 - The Immune System and Mechanisms of Defense.pptx

Which of the following infectious agents is composed entirely and exclusively of protein? Bacteria Virus Prion Which of the following infectious agents is composed entirely and exclusively of protein? Prion Prions are infectious proteins. They consist exclusively of protein and can trigger misfolding of nearby normal proteins. © 2017 Education, Inc. True or false? A pathogen may be virulent, but still not cause frequent serious infections. True False © 2017 Education, Inc. True or false? A pathogen may be virulent, but still not cause frequent serious infections. True If a microorganism cannot be easily transmitted, it will not cause frequent serious infections. © 2017 Education, Inc. An example of our second line of defense against microorganisms is _____. stomach acid antibodies inflammation killer T cells © 2017 Education, Inc. An example of our second line of defense against microorganisms is _____. inflammation This is a non-specific reaction that helps to prevent the spread of infectious agents. © 2017 Education, Inc. True or false? Inflammation can be started by the mere presence of a microorganism in the body. True False © 2017 Education, Inc. True or false? Inflammation can be started by the mere presence of a microorganism in the body. False Damage to our cells must occur as the chemicals that initiate inflammation come from our own tissues. © 2017 Education, Inc. True or false? Fever is a natural part of our body’s defenses against microorganisms, especially bacteria. True False © 2017 Education, Inc. True or false? Fever is a natural part of our body’s defenses against microorganisms, especially bacteria. True Fevers raise the temperature of the internal environment, which inhibits the growth of pathogens and helps our defense mechanisms work better. Occasionally, fever can raise the body’s temperature beyond a danger point and become counterproductive. © 2017 Education, Inc. True or false? An allergic reaction is an indicator of disease. True False © 2017 Education, Inc. True or false? An allergic reaction is an indicator of disease. False The symptoms of an allergic reaction are due to an inflammatory response, which is exaggerated, but a normal part of the body’s defenses. © 2017 Education, Inc. Which class of antibody is the first to respond to an active, new infection? IgG IgM IgA IgE © 2017 Education, Inc. Which class of antibody is the first to respond to an active, new infection? IgM IgM is elevated first when the body responds to a new infection. © 2017 Education, Inc. All of the following are parts of the lymphatic system EXCEPT _____. lymph nodes spleen thymus liver tonsils © 2017 Education, Inc. All of the following are parts of the lymphatic system EXCEPT _____. liver The lymphatic system includes the lymphatic capillaries and vessels, the thymus, spleen, tonsils and adenoids, numerous lymph nodes, and Peyer’s patches. The liver is not part of the lymphatic system. © 2017 Education, Inc. Which cell type, when stimulated, will divide and differentiate into cells that produce and secrete antibodies? Neutrophils B lymphocytes Helper T lymphocytes Macrophages Cytotoxic T lymphocytes © 2017 Education, Inc. Which cell type, when stimulated, will divide and differentiate into cells that produce and secrete antibodies? B lymphocytes B lymphocytes, when stimulated by exposure to specific antigens, will divide and differentiate into memory cells and plasma cells. The plasma cells are the cells that actually produce and secrete large amounts of antibodies. © 2017 Education, Inc.