The Atmosphere: An Introduction to Meteorology - Chapter 4

4.1 Which of the following change of state of water absorbs energy? Evaporation Condensation Freezing Deposition Albedo 4.1 Which of the following change of state of water absorbs energy? Evaporation Condensation Freezing Deposition Albedo 4.2 Which of the following is not part of the hydrologic cycle? Precipitation Evaporation Runoff Transpiration All are part of the hydrologic cycle 4.2 Which of the following is not part of the hydrologic cycle? Precipitation Evaporation Runoff Transpiration All are part of the hydrologic cycle The mass of water vapor in a unit of air compared to the remaining mass of dry air The mass of water vapor relative to the mass of all atmospheric gases The ratio of water content to capacity The mass of water vapor in a given volume of air The part of the total atmospheric pressure attributed to its water-vapor content 4.3 The mixing ratio is: The mass of water vapor in a unit of air compared to the remaining mass of dry air The mass of water vapor relative to the mass of all atmospheric gases The ratio of water content to capacity The mass of water vapor in a given volume of air The part of the total atmospheric pressure attributed to its water-vapor content ________________________ mixing ratio = mass of water vapor (grams) mass of dry air (kilograms) 4.3 The mixing ratio is: Number of particulates present Temperature of the air Specific heat of water Amount of dry gases present 4.4 Which of the following is the primary control of how much water vapor the air can hold? 4.4 Which of the following is the primary control of how much water vapor the air can hold? Number of particulates present Temperature of the air Specific heat of water Amount of dry gases present 4.5 When the relative humidity is 100 percent: The absolute humidity is greater than the relative humidity. The air is saturated. Evaporation begins. The mixing ratio is equal to the relative humidity. The absolute humidity is equal to the relative humidity. 4.5 When the relative humidity is 100 percent: The absolute humidity is greater than the relative humidity. The air is saturated. Evaporation begins. The mixing ratio is equal to the relative humidity. The absolute humidity is equal to the relative humidity. 4.6 Which of the following would cause relative humidity to increase? Adiabatic warming of the air Cooling the air Removing water vapor from the air Decreasing the mixing ratio 4.6 Which of the following would cause relative humidity to increase? Adiabatic warming of the air Cooling the air Removing water vapor from the air Decreasing the mixing ratio Increase Decrease Remain constant It is impossible to determine 4.7 During a clear, calm day, the relative humidity would tend to _______ from sunrise to early afternoon? Increase Decrease Remain constant It is impossible to determine 4.7 During a clear, calm day, the relative humidity would tend to _______ from sunrise to early afternoon? 4.8 In which of the following situations is the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere the highest? When the relative humidity is 50 percent. When the relative humidity is 70 percent. When the relative humidity is 90 percent. We cannot tell without knowing the temperature in each situation. The amount of water vapor in the atmosphere is the same for all of these situations. 4.8 In which of the following situations is the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere the highest? When the relative humidity is 50 percent. When the relative humidity is 70 percent. When the relative humidity is 90 percent. We cannot tell without knowing the temperature in each situation. The amount of water vapor in the atmosphere is the same for all of these situations. 4.9 What is the temperature to which a parcel of air would need to be cooled to reach saturation? Freezing point Wet-bulb temperature Maximum temperature Dew-point temperature Air temperature 4.9 What is the temperature to which a parcel of air would need to be cooled to reach saturation? Freezing point Wet-bulb temperature Maximum temperature Dew-point temperature Air temperature 4.10 Which of the following instruments can be used to measure humidity? Psychrometer Thermometer Anemometer Barometer Radiometer 4.10 Which of the following instruments can be used to measure humidity? Psychrometer Thermometer Anemometer Barometer Radiometer Dry Hot Cold Humid Only b and d 4.11 What kind of weather conditions prevail when a large difference exists between the dry- and wet-bulb temperature readings? Dry Hot Cold Humid Only b and d 4.11 What kind of weather conditions prevail when a large difference exists between the dry- and wet-bulb temperature readings? The addition or removal of heat energy to an air parcel from the surrounding atmosphere Changes in the humidity of the air parcel with the surrounding atmosphere A rising parcel of air cooling through expansion or a sinking parcel warming through compression Heating from the surface of the Earth 4.12 Adiabatic temperature changes occur as a result of: The addition or removal of heat energy to an air parcel from the surrounding atmosphere Changes in the humidity of the air parcel with the surrounding atmosphere A rising parcel of air cooling through expansion or a sinking parcel warming through compression Heating from the surface of the Earth 4.12 Adiabatic temperature changes occur as a result of: An air parcel expands more rapidly when saturated. Latent heat is released inside an air parcel of rising saturated air. Saturated air is always unstable. Unsaturated air is always unstable. 4.13 The wet adiabatic lapse rate is different from the dry adiabatic lapse rate because: An air parcel expands more rapidly when saturated. Latent heat is released inside an air parcel of rising saturated air. Saturated air is always unstable. Unsaturated air is always unstable. 4.13 The wet adiabatic lapse rate is different from the dry adiabatic lapse rate because: Contact with a cold surface The release of latent heat The compression of air The loss of radiation The expansion of air 4.14 The most important process of cloud formation in the atmosphere is cooling by: Contact with a cold surface The release of latent heat The compression of air The loss of radiation The expansion of air 4.14 The most important process of cloud formation in the atmosphere is cooling by: 4.15 Which type of lifting mechanism results from warm air lifting over cold air? Orographic Frontal Convective Convergent 4.15 Which type of lifting mechanism results from warm air lifting over cold air? Orographic Frontal Convective Convergent Mass of water vapor Tendency to remain in its original position or to rise Air pressure Temperature Density 4.16 The stability of an air layer refers to its: Mass of water vapor Tendency to remain in its original position or to rise Air pressure Temperature Density 4.16 The stability of an air layer refers to its: Less than the wet adiabatic rate Greater than the wet adiabatic rate and less than the dry adiabatic rate Greater than the dry adiabatic rate Greater than both the wet and dry adiabatic rates 4.17 Absolute atmospheric stability prevails when the environmental lapse rate is: Less than the wet adiabatic rate Greater than the wet adiabatic rate and less than the dry adiabatic rate Greater than the dry adiabatic rate Greater than both the wet and dry adiabatic rates 4.17 Absolute atmospheric stability prevails when the environmental lapse rate is: Is uniform Decreases rapidly Increases slightly Increases rapidly Decreases slightly 4.18 The atmosphere is absolutely unstable when the temperature of the air ________ with height. Is uniform Decreases rapidly Increases slightly Increases rapidly Decreases slightly 4.18 The atmosphere is absolutely unstable when the temperature of the air ________ with height. Intense solar heating of the lower layer of the atmosphere The heating of an air mass from below as it passes over a warm surface General upward movement of air caused by lifting mechanisms General subsidence within an air column Radiation cooling from cloud tops 4.19 Which of the following would NOT enhance instability? Intense solar heating of the lower layer of the atmosphere The heating of an air mass from below as it passes over a warm surface General upward movement of air caused by lifting mechanisms General subsidence within an air column Radiation cooling from cloud tops 4.19 Which of the following would NOT enhance instability? 4.20 When temperature increases with altitude rather than decreasing, this is called Conditionally unstable Temperature inversion Orographic lifting Subsidence 4.20 When temperature increases with altitude rather than decreasing, this is called Conditionally unstable Temperature inversion Orographic lifting Subsidence 4.21 Rain shadow deserts are typically associated with The leeward sides of mountains Orographic lifting Adiabatic warming All of the above 4.21 Rain shadow deserts are typically associated with The leeward sides of mountains Orographic lifting Adiabatic warming All of the above