The Atmosphere: An Introduction to Meteorology - Chapter 7

7.1 Which of the following scales of atmospheric motion is most accurate? Microscale—Hurricanes Synoptic scale—Dust devils Mesoscale—Tornadoes Planetary scale—Lake breeze Macroscale—Santa Ana 7.1 Which of the following scales of atmospheric motion is most accurate? Microscale—Hurricanes Synoptic scale—Dust devils Mesoscale—Tornadoes Planetary scale—Lake breeze Macroscale—Santa Ana 7.2 Sea breezes: Are local winds blowing from the sea during the afternoon in coastal areas Require a surface region of high pressure inland Occur when the temperature at the seashore is higher than that inland Are usually less intense than land breezes All of these are correct. 7.2 Sea breezes: Are local winds blowing from the sea during the afternoon in coastal areas Require a surface region of high pressure inland Occur when the temperature at the seashore is higher than that inland Are usually less intense than land breezes All of these are correct. 7.3 Isolated cumulus clouds that form above mountain peaks are often associated with: Chinook winds Mountain breezes Fall winds Sea breezes Valley breezes 7.3 Isolated cumulus clouds that form above mountain peaks are often associated with: Chinook winds Mountain breezes Fall winds Sea breezes Valley breezes 7.4 A katabatic wind is a _______, _______ wind. Cold, upslope Warm and moist, upslope Cold, downslope Very dry warm, downslope None of these are correct. 7.4 A katabatic wind is a _______, _______ wind. Cold, upslope Warm and moist, upslope Cold, downslope Very dry warm, downslope None of these are correct. 7.5 A warm, dry wind that moves downslope can be called a: Chinook Mistral Fall wind Haboob Bora 7.5 A warm, dry wind that moves downslope can be called a: Chinook Mistral Fall wind Haboob Bora 7.6 The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) is characterized by: Convergence and uplift of warm surface air Convergence and subsidence of cold surface air Divergence and uplift of warm surface air Divergence and subsidence of cold surface air 7.6 The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) is characterized by: Convergence and uplift of warm surface air Convergence and subsidence of cold surface air Divergence and uplift of warm surface air Divergence and subsidence of cold surface air 7.7 The dominant surface winds between the subtropics and 60 degrees latitude are the: Trade winds Horse latitudes Polar easterlies Geostrophic winds Westerlies 7.7 The dominant surface winds between the subtropics and 60 degrees latitude are the: Trade winds Horse latitudes Polar easterlies Geostrophic winds Westerlies 7.8 Most of the United States is situated in which zone of prevailing winds? Doldrums Trade winds Westerlies Northerlies Easterlies 7.8 Most of the United States is situated in which zone of prevailing winds? Doldrums Trade winds Westerlies Northerlies Easterlies 7.9 The location where cold and warm air converge in the midlatitudes: Is related to the Intertropical Convergence Zone Is unrelated to the formation of low pressure systems Is termed the polar front Is referred to as the subtropical contact zone None of these are correct. 7.9 The location where cold and warm air converge in the midlatitudes: Is related to the Intertropical Convergence Zone Is unrelated to the formation of low pressure systems Is termed the polar front Is referred to as the subtropical contact zone None of these are correct. 7.10 Many of the world’s great deserts exist between 20° and 35° latitude due to: Sinking air from the Polar cell Subsiding air that is part of the Hadley cell Rising air at these latitudes Santa Ana winds Trade winds that remove moisture from the air Sinking air from the Polar cell Subsiding air that is part of the Hadley cell Rising air at these latitudes Santa Ana winds Trade winds that remove moisture from the air 7.10 Many of the world’s great deserts exist between 20° and 35° latitude due to: 7.11 Winds from the ______ were proposed to account for the prevailing westerlies at middle latitudes. Hadley Cell Ferrel Cell Polar Cell ITCZ Doldrums 7.11 Winds from the ______ were proposed to account for the prevailing westerlies at middle latitudes. Hadley Cell Ferrel Cell Polar Cell ITCZ Doldrums 7.12 The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ): Is also known as the Horse Latitudes Migrates seasonally with the direct rays of the Sun Is characterized by sinking air from aloft and clear conditions All of these are correct. 7.12 The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ): Is also known as the Horse Latitudes Migrates seasonally with the direct rays of the Sun Is characterized by sinking air from aloft and clear conditions All of these are correct. 7.13 The subtropical high found in the North Atlantic that migrates seasonally is called the: Bermuda/Azores high Atlantic high ITCZ Siberian high Icelandic high 7.13 The subtropical high found in the North Atlantic that migrates seasonally is called the: Bermuda/Azores high Atlantic high ITCZ Siberian high Icelandic high 7.14 The semipermanent low-pressure system that exists in January but not July in the North Atlantic is the: Icelandic Low Aleutian Low Azores Low Siberian Low ITCZ 7.14 The semipermanent low-pressure system that exists in January but not July in the North Atlantic is the: Icelandic Low Aleutian Low Azores Low Siberian Low ITCZ 7.15 The word monsoon means: Rainy season Torrential rainfall Seasonal wind shift Dry season Moisture-laden air 7.15 The word monsoon means: Rainy season Torrential rainfall Seasonal wind shift Dry season Moisture-laden air 7.16 During winter months, monsoon winds over the Indian Ocean: Flow from land to sea and are dry Flow from land to sea and are wet Flow from sea to land and are dry Flow from sea to land and are wet The direction of airflow is unchanged but precipitation increases. 7.16 During winter months, monsoon winds over the Indian Ocean: Flow from land to sea and are dry Flow from land to sea and are wet Flow from sea to land and are dry Flow from sea to land and are wet The direction of airflow is unchanged but precipitation increases. 7.17 The North American monsoon is generated by: Prevailing westerlies over Mexico Heating of the land to high temperatures in the southwestern U.S. Rapid cooling of the California coast Heavy rains in the highlands of Utah Heating of the Gulf of Mexico 7.17 The North American monsoon is generated by: Prevailing westerlies over Mexico Heating of the land to high temperatures in the southwestern U.S. Rapid cooling of the California coast Heavy rains in the highlands of Utah Heating of the Gulf of Mexico 7.18 Jet streams: Have the same intensity throughout the course of a year Do not play a role in the weather of the midlatitudes Have typical speeds around 20 km/h Are powerful belts of wind near the top of the troposphere Are slow moving airstreams in the mesosphere 7.18 Jet streams: Have the same intensity throughout the course of a year Do not play a role in the weather of the midlatitudes Have typical speeds around 20 km/h Are powerful belts of wind near the top of the troposphere Are slow moving airstreams in the mesosphere 7.19 When are the winds of the polar jet stream the fastest? Anytime the surface temperature gradients are weak. In summer In winter These winds maintain about the same speed throughout the year. 7.19 When are the winds of the polar jet stream the fastest? Anytime the surface temperature gradients are weak. In summer In winter These winds maintain about the same speed throughout the year. 7.20 The Gulf Stream is the name given to: The circulation of water in the Gulf of Mexico A current carrying warm water from the equator along the East Coast of the United States A current carrying cold water from the North Pole along the West Coast of the United States A clockwise current in the Gulf of California 7.20 The Gulf Stream is the name given to: The circulation of water in the Gulf of Mexico A current carrying warm water from the equator along the East Coast of the United States A current carrying cold water from the North Pole along the West Coast of the United States A clockwise current in the Gulf of California 7.21 The circular ocean currents centered over the 5 major subtropical highs are called: Warm currents Zonal flow Gyres Upwelling 7.21 The circular ocean currents centered over the 5 major subtropical highs are called: Warm currents Zonal flow Gyres Upwelling 7.22 Surface waters are pushed away from land and replaced by nutrient-rich bottom water through: Convergence Downwelling Land breezes Sea breezes Upwelling 7.22 Surface waters are pushed away from land and replaced by nutrient-rich bottom water through: Convergence Downwelling Land breezes Sea breezes Upwelling 7.23 The Southern Oscillation: Is a cycle of strengthening and reversing trade winds in the equatorial Pacific Another name for a La Niña event Does not have the ability to alter climate and is of little concern Only impacts weather in the United States 7.23 The Southern Oscillation: Is a cycle of strengthening and reversing trade winds in the equatorial Pacific Another name for a La Niña event Does not have the ability to alter climate and is of little concern Only impacts weather in the United States 7.24 El Niño events are characterized by: A strengthening of the Northeast Trade winds A very strong cold current flowing along the eastern edge of South America Warm water piling up near Indonesia Pooling of unusually warm water in the eastern tropical Pacific All of these are correct. A strengthening of the Northeast Trade winds A very strong cold current flowing along the eastern edge of South America Warm water piling up near Indonesia Pooling of unusually warm water in the eastern tropical Pacific All of these are correct. 7.24 El Niño events are characterized by: 7.25 Where will you find heavy precipitation in all seasons? Around the ITCZ Around 20° to 35° latitudes Wherever the Ferrel cell is At the poles Along the east coast of any continent 7.25 Where will you find heavy precipitation in all seasons? Around the ITCZ Around 20° to 35° latitudes Wherever the Ferrel cell is At the poles Along the east coast of any continent