Lecture

Digital Planet: Tomorrow's Technology and You, Complete, 10e (Beekman / Beekman) Chapter 2 Hardware Basics: Inside the Box 1) Processing information involves A) accepting information from the outside world. B) communication with another computer. C) performing arithmetic or logical operations on information that is input. D) All of these answers are forms of processing information. Answer: C Diff: 2 Reference: What Computers Do 2) Producing output involves A) accepting information from the outside world. B) communication with another computer. C) moving and storing information. D) communicating information to the outside world. Answer: D Diff: 2 Reference: What Computers Do 3) Hardware components are A) physical parts of a computer system. B) fully functional without computer software. C) impossible to add on after the initial purchase of a computer. D) the intangible parts of a computer system. Answer: A Diff: 2 Reference: What Computers Do 4) The most common input devices include A) monitors and keyboards. B) monitors and mice. C) mice and keyboards. D) printer and mice. Answer: C Diff: 1 Reference: What Computers Do 5) Which two factors are important to a casual computer user when you choose a computer? A) speed and design B) monitor size and resolution C) compatibility and performance D) compatibility and peripherals Answer: C Diff: 1 Reference: The CPU: The Real Computer 6) What character/number does ASCII binary code 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 translate to? A) 6 B) 10 C) 100 D) 8 Answer: A Diff: 2 Reference: Bit Basics 7) The primary output device for computers is a A) video monitor. B) printer. C) keyboard. D) mouse. Answer: A Diff: 1 Reference: What Computers Do 8) The hardware device commonly referred to as the "brain" of the computer is the A) RAM chip. B) printer. C) CPU. D) secondary storage. Answer: C Diff: 2 Reference: What Computers Do 9) CPU stands for A) central production unit. B) central processing unit. C) computer processing unit. D) central printing unit. Answer: B Diff: 2 Reference: What Computers Do 10) The CPU is also known as the A) microprocessor. B) random access memory. C) primary storage. D) microunit. Answer: A Diff: 1 Reference: What Computers Do 11) The primary difference between RAM and secondary storage devices is A) the length of time data is stored. B) RAM is permanent, and secondary storage is temporary. C) RAM accepts input; secondary storage devices do not. D) the type of data that is stored in them. Answer: A Diff: 3 Reference: What Computers Do 12) Primary storage is more commonly referred to as A) ROM. B) CPU C) Digital D) RAM Answer: D Diff: 2 Reference: What Computers Do 13) If a user needs information instantly available to the CPU, it should be stored A) in the CPU. B) in RAM. C) in secondary storage. D) on a USB device. Answer: B Diff: 2 Reference: What Computers Do 14) Storage devices include all of the following EXCEPT: A) a recordable CD/DVD. B) RAM. C) a hard drive. D) USB device. Answer: B Diff: 2 Reference: What Computers Do 15) Input, output, and storage devices are known as A) peripherals. B) secondary storage. C) firmware. D) hardware drivers. Answer: A Diff: 2 Reference: What Computers Do 16) Information is made up of discrete, countable units called ________, so it can be subdivided. A) digits. B) analog units. C) input. D) bytes. Answer: A Diff: 1 Reference: Bit Basics 17) The smallest unit of information a computer can understand and process is known as a A) digit. B) byte. C) bit. D) kilobyte. Answer: C Diff: 2 Reference: Bit Basics 18) A bit can have two values: A) bit and byte. B) 0 and 1. C) 2 and 4. D) 1 and 2. Answer: B Diff: 1 Reference: Bit Basics 19) Binary means A) there are two possibilities, on and off. B) the same as a byte, 8 bits. C) there are three options; 0, 1, and 2. D) that computers really need to have three or more options. Answer: A Diff: 1 Reference: Bit Basics 20) A group of 8 bits is known as a A) kilobyte. B) binary digit. C) byte. D) megabit. Answer: C Diff: 2 Reference: Bit Basics 21) The binary system uses the power of A) 10. B) 4. C) 256. D) 2. Answer: D Diff: 1 Reference: How It Works: Binary Arithmetic 22) A byte can represent any number between 0 and A) 2. B) 255. C) 256. D) 1,024. Answer: B Diff: 3 Reference: How It Works: Binary Arithmetic 23) The most widely used code that represents each character as a unique 8-bit code is A) ASCII. B) Unicode. C) binary numbering system. D) EBCDIC. Answer: A Diff: 2 Reference: Bits as Codes 24) ASCII stands for A) American Standard Code for Information Interface. B) American Standard Computer Interface Internet. C) American Standard Code for Information Interchange. D) Advanced Standard Code for Interface Interchange. Answer: C Diff: 3 Reference: Bits as Codes 25) In ASCII, ________ characters can be created. A) 255 B) 1,024 C) 256 D) 128 Answer: C Diff: 2 Reference: Bits as Codes 26) An advanced coding scheme that incorporates Arabic, Chinese, Hebrew, and Japanese is known as A) ASCII. B) World Wide Interchange (WWI). C) Worldcode. D) Unicode. Answer: D Diff: 3 Reference: Bits as Codes 27) To represent values larger than 255, processor designers combine bytes. Two bytes, with 16 bits, can represent all the numbers from 0 to ________. A) 100,000 B) 65,535 C) 256 D) 1,000,000 Answer: B Diff: 2 Reference: How It Works: Binary Arithmetic 28) Approximately 1,000 megabytes is a A) terabyte. B) kilobyte. C) petabyte. D) gigabyte. Answer: D Diff: 1 Reference: Bits, Bytes, and Buzzwords 29) The term for the largest storage value is A) kilobytes. B) terabytes. C) gigabytes. D) petabytes. Answer: D Diff: 2 Reference: Bits, Bytes, and Buzzwords 30) You measure data transfer speed or memory size in A) gigabits. B) terabits. C) megabits. D) kilobits. Answer: C Diff: 2 Reference: Bits, Bytes, and Buzzwords 31) The motherboard is the A) circuit board that contains a CPU and other chips. B) circuit board that houses peripheral devices. C) same as the CPU chip. D) the first chip that is accessed when the computer is turned on. Answer: A Diff: 2 Reference: The CPU: The Real Computer 32) Backward compatibility means that A) a Core i7 chip can handle processing previously done by a Core 2 Duo. B) all hardware will work with other hardware. C) a mouse will work with more advanced hardware that comes out after the date the mouse was produced. D) all software will work on all other computer systems. Answer: A Diff: 2 Reference: Compatibility 33) Linux is a(n) A) computer system. B) operating system. C) piece of application software. D) type of CPU device. Answer: B Diff: 2 Reference: Compatibility 34) The internal clock of a computer system is the A) software that shows the time on the taskbar. B) timing device that processes all instructions input into the computer. C) timing device that produces electrical pulses to synchronize the computer's operations. D) device that is the newest and most modern in a computer system. Answer: C Diff: 2 Reference: Performance 35) A computer's clock speed is measured in A) gigabytes. B) bits. C) megahertz. D) gigahertz. Answer: D Diff: 1 Reference: Performance 36) The word size of a typical PC's CPU is A) 1 or 2 bytes. B) 32 or 64 bits. C) 32 or 64 bytes. D) 8 or 16 bits. Answer: B Diff: 2 Reference: Performance 37) ________ produced the first 64-bit processor. A) Pentium B) Microsoft C) AMD D) Apple Answer: C Diff: 2 Reference: Performance 38) When two processors are employed in a computer, it is known as A) double processing. B) parallel processing. C) multi-tasking. D) twin processing. Answer: B Diff: 2 Reference: From Multicore to Cluster 39) By putting multiple CPUs on a single chip, chip makers have created A) parallel processors. B) multicore processors. C) CPU-duplicate processors. D) clusters. Answer: B Diff: 2 Reference: Performance 40) The design that determines how individual components of the CPU are put together and work together on the chip is called the A) construction. B) detailed plan. C) motherboard. D) architecture. Answer: D Diff: 3 Reference: Performance 41) The CPU's ALU contains A) RAM spaces. B) registers. C) byte spaces. D) secondary storage space. Answer: B Diff: 3 Reference: How It Works: The CPU 42) The part of the CPU that instructs the bus unit to read instructions stored at a certain memory address is known as the A) bus device. B) prefetch unit. C) decode unit. D) writeback. Answer: B Diff: 3 Reference: How It Works: The CPU 43) The Intel Core 2 processor is used in A) PCs and servers B) high-end network controllers C) Game machines D) MP3 players Answer: A Diff: 2 Reference: How It Works: The CPU 44) The storage area for the next likely data or instruction to be processed, preventing bottlenecks and slowing of the system, is known as A) cache. B) the register. C) RAM. D) the CPU. Answer: A Diff: 3 Reference: How It Works: The CPU 45) Which of the following tips help to minimize your computer's impact on the environment? A) Use a laptop. B) Take advantage of energy-saving features. C) Avoid moving parts by saving to flash drives instead of a hard drive. D) All of the above. Answer: D Diff: 1 Reference: Working Wisdom: Green Computing 46) Information stored in RAM is considered volatile, which means it is A) stored there permanently. B) not held permanently, only temporarily. C) stored when the electricity is shut off. D) stored permanently in the CPU device. Answer: B Diff: 2 Reference: The Computer's Memory 47) Optical computing is sometimes called photonic computing because it uses ________ instead of electrons to transmit bits. A) light wands B) electrons C) photons D) superconductors Answer: C Diff: 2 Reference: Inventing the Future: Microtechnology, Nanotechnology, and the Future of Processors 48) The memory that stores the computer's date, time, and calendar is the A) RAM. B) flash memory. C) register. D) CMOS. Answer: D Diff: 2 Reference: The Computer's Memory 49) The time for the processor to retrieve data from memory is measured in A) megabits. B) nanoseconds. C) milliseconds. D) terabytes. Answer: B Diff: 3 Reference: The Computer's Memory 50) RAM chips are usually grouped on small circuit boards called A) CMOS. B) ROM. C) DIMMs. D) RAM boards. Answer: C Diff: 2 Reference: How It Works: Memory 51) The permanently etched program that automatically begins executing the computer's instructions is stored in: A) TRANSDUCER. B) ROM. C) CMOS. D) RAM. Answer: B Diff: 3 Reference: The Computer's Memory 52) A special low-energy kind of RAM that can store small amounts of data for long periods of time on battery power is known as A) CPU. B) system clock. C) system buses. D) CMOS. Answer: D Diff: 1 Reference: The Computer's Memory 53) Expansion cards are inserted into A) slots inside the computer's housing. B) peripheral devices. C) the CPU. D) the back of the computer. Answer: A Diff: 2 Reference: Buses, Ports, and Peripherals 54) External devices such as printers and keyboards are known as A) add-on devices. B) peripherals. C) extra hardware devices. D) PC expansion slot add-ons. Answer: B Diff: 1 Reference: Buses, Ports, and Peripherals 55) Which of the following is NOT an output device? A) printer B) speakers C) trackball D) monitor Answer: C Diff: 1 Reference: What Computers Do 56) The four basic computer functions are A) receive the kernel, process information, produce output, and store CMOS. B) receive input, process information, produce output, and store information. C) gather data, access memory, print, and store information. D) receive input, process information, produce terabytes, and store information. Answer: B Diff: 2 Reference: What Computers Do 57) The following are considered basic components of a computer: A) analog and digital signals. B) motherboard, circuits, ports. C) bits and bytes. D) input devices, output devices, processors, memory, and storage devices. Answer: D Diff: 2 Reference: What Computers Do 58) Given that the presence of an electrical charge is a positive and the absence of an electrical charge is a negative, this is an example of A) digital. B) hexadecimal code. C) a binary choice. D) information overload. Answer: C Diff: 2 Reference: Bit Basics 59) This is used to represent one character on a computer: A) byte. B) bit. C) digit. D) kilobyte. Answer: A Diff: 1 Reference: Bits, Bytes, and Buzzwords 60) A logical group of 8 bits is also known as a(an) A) hexadecimal code. B) octet. C) port. D) unique. Answer: B Diff: 3 Reference: Bits, Bytes, and Buzzwords 61) For computers, adding binary numbers is simpler than adding decimal numbers because A) there are fewer rules to remember. B) you must have a calculator to do it. C) all numeric values can be represented in two digits. D) binary numbers are longer. Answer: A Diff: 1 Reference: How It Works: Binary Arithmetic 62) Program instructions are represented in binary notation through the use of A) buzzwords. B) pacts. C) sets. D) codes. Answer: D Diff: 2 Reference: Bits as Instructions in Programs 63) ASCII is a subset of this larger coding scheme: A) ASCII 2.. B) lingo. C) EBCDIC. D) Unicode. Answer: D Diff: 3 Reference: Bits as Codes 64) The following term could be used to quantify the size of a computer file: A) Megabyte. B) RAM. C) ROM. D) CMOS. Answer: A Diff: 1 Reference: Bits, Bytes, and Buzzwords 65) An Mbit is equal to A) one million bytes. B) 8 megabytes. C) one million bits. D) one million petabytes. Answer: C Diff: 2 Reference: Bits, Bytes, and Buzzwords 66) This type of computer uses less energy than a desktop computer: A) notebook. B) supercomputer. C) mainframe. D) Blu-ray. Answer: A Diff: 1 Reference: Working Wisdom: Green Computing 67) To save energy you can set your laptop computer to go to A) death mode. B) garbage collection mode. C) sleep. D) overclock mode. Answer: C Diff: 1 Reference: Working Wisdom: Green Computing 68) The circuit board that contains a computer's CPU is called the A) motherboard. B) wafer. C) memory chip. D) daughter board. Answer: A Diff: 2 Reference: The CPU: The Real Computer 69) When newer processors can process all of the instructions handled by earlier models, the processor is considered A) Core 2 Duo. B) backward compatible. C) Motorola. D) Apple. Answer: B Diff: 1 Reference: Compatibility 70) A computer's overall performance is determined by A) Level 1 and Level 2 cache. B) CMOS and cache memory. C) peripheral and internal devices. D) clock speed, architecture, and wordsize. Answer: D Diff: 1 Reference: Performance 71) Increasing the clock speed of CPUs creates a negative side effect of A) loss of digits. B) slower performance. C) incompatibility. D) heat. Answer: D Diff: 2 Reference: Performance 72) One billion clock cycles per second is A) gigahertz. B) hertz. C) Mbits. D) megahertz. Answer: A Diff: 1 Reference: Performance 73) Putting multiple CPUs on a single chip is defined as A) clustering. B) multitasking. C) a multicore processor. D) heat sinking. Answer: C Diff: 2 Reference: Performance 74) To speed up processing, CPUs obtain data that is likely to be used next from A) cache. B) CMOS. C) hard drive. D) USB port. Answer: A Diff: 2 Reference: How It Works: The CPU 75) This type of memory is located in the CPU and is used to store data that is likely to be used next: A) flash memory. B) Level 1 cache. C) Level 2 cache. D) virtual storage. Answer: C Diff: 2 Reference: How It Works: The CPU 76) The CPU and main memory are housed in ________ chips on the motherboard and other circuit boards inside the computer. A) storage B) silicon C) plastic D) peripheral Answer: B Diff: 1 Reference: The Computer's Memory 77) The typical CPU is divided into these functional units: A) control, arithmetic logic, decode, bus, and prefetch. B) presort, sort, process, export, and save. C) fetch, decode, execute, and shred. D) registers, prefetch, decode, and store. Answer: A Diff: 2 Reference: How It Works: The CPU 78) The actual execution of instructions is usually carried out by the A) prefetch unit. B) decode unit. C) control unit. D) arithmetic logic unit. Answer: D Diff: 2 Reference: How It Works: The CPU 79) This unit of the CPU translates instructions for the CPU processing: A) prefetch unit. B) decode unit. C) ALU. D) Bus Interface Unit. Answer: B Diff: 2 Reference: How It Works: The CPU 80) When information is sent from the CPU to memory or some other device this is considered A) backflow. B) garbage collection. C) writeback. D) communication. Answer: C Diff: 2 Reference: How It Works: The CPU 81) This is an open area in the system unit used to hold a disk drive: A) bay. B) port. C) sack. D) transducer. Answer: A Diff: 1 Reference: Buses, Ports, and Peripherals 82) Information travels between components on the motherboard through ________. A) buses B) transistors C) chips D) microprocessors Answer: A Diff: 1 Reference: Buses, Ports, and Peripherals 83) CMOS stands for A) computer mouse operating system. B) cost per minute of semiconductor. C) conducting memory of systems. D) complementary metal-oxide semiconductor. Answer: D Diff: 2 Reference: The Computer's Memory 84) Ron White, in How Computers Work, states that "The microprocessor that makes up your personal computer's central processing unit, or CPU, is the ultimate computer brain, messenger, ringmaster, and boss." Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Reference: The Computer's Core: CPU and Memory 85) ALU stands for arithmetic logistical unit. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Reference: How It Works: The CPU 86) Storage devices serve as short-term repositories for data. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Reference: What Computers Do 87) To make words, sentences, and paragraphs fit into the computer's binary only circuitry, programmers have devised codes that represent each letter, digit, and special character as a unique string of bits. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Reference: Bits as Codes 88) Not all software is compatible with every CPU. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Reference: Compatibility 89) Screen savers do not save energy or money. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Reference: Working Wisdom: Green Computing 90) A file is an organized collection of information, such as a term paper or a set of names and addresses, stored in a computer-readable form. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Reference: Bits, Bytes, and Buzzwords 91) The operating system is loaded from the hard disk onto ROM when the computer is starting up. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Reference: How It Works: Memory 92) A computer doesn't understand words, numbers, pictures, musical notes, or even letters of the alphabet. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Reference: Bit Basics 93) Flash memory chips, like RAM chips, can be written and erased rapidly and repeatedly. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Reference: The Computer's Memory 94) The most common input devices include a keyboard and mouse. One less common input device tat requires voice use is a ________. Answer: microphone Diff: 1 Reference: What Computers Do 95) A computer's overall performance is determined in part by the speed of its microprocessor's internal ________. Answer: clock Diff: 1 Reference: Performance 96) The typical CPU is divided into several functional units: control, arithmetic logic, decode, ________, and prefetch. Answer: bus Diff: 2 Reference: How It Works: The CPU 97) The physical components of a computer system are known as ________. Answer: hardware Diff: 1 Reference: What Computers Do 98) A printer and a monitor are the most common ________ devices. Answer: output Diff: 1 Reference: What Computers Do 99) Removable media devices are examples of secondary storage, otherwise known as ________ storage. Answer: permanent Diff: 2 Reference: What Computers Do 100) The ________ was the first smart phone to truly capture the imagination of consumers and software developers. Answer: iPhone Diff: 2 Reference: Steve Wozniak, Steve Jobs, and the Garage that Grew Apples 101) Windows and Mac OS X systems have advanced energy-saver control panels that can be used to switch the monitor, hard drive, and CPU to lower-power ________ modes automatically after specified periods of inactivity. Answer: power sleep Diff: 2 Reference: Working Wisdom: Green Computing 102) A computer system is not complete without ________, which tells the hardware what to do. Answer: software Diff: 2 Reference: What Computers Do 103) A(n) ________ is a binary digit. Answer: bit Diff: 2 Reference: Bit Basics 104) Programs written for ________, a popular operating system cannot run on Windows. Answer: Linux Diff: 2 Reference: Compatibility 105) Eight bits are called an octet or a ________. Answer: byte Diff: 1 Reference: Bits, Bytes, and Buzzwords 106) The most widely used code for computer programming is ________ (an abbreviation) and represents each character as a unique 8-bit code. Answer: ASCII Diff: 2 Reference: Bits as Codes 107) The abbreviation, TB, stands for ________ when referring to computer storage. Answer: terabyte Diff: 1 Reference: Bits, Bytes, and Buzzwords 108) Data transfer speed is measured in ________, or Mb, per second. Answer: megabits Diff: 3 Reference: Bits, Bytes, and Buzzwords 109) The CPU, all additional chips, and the electronic circuitry are all housed on the ________. Answer: motherboard Diff: 2 Reference: The CPU: The Real Computer 110) Gigahertz is a measure of the computer's clock speed and is a measure of ________ of clock cycles per second. Answer: billions Diff: 3 Reference: Performance 111) The number of bits a CPU can process simultaneously is the CPU's ________ size. Answer: word Diff: 3 Reference: Performance 112) Computer memory or primary memory is also known by the acronym ________. Answer: RAM Diff: 1 Reference: The Computer's Memory 113) ________ memory is nonvolatile and often used in digital cameras and cell phones. Answer: Flash Diff: 3 Reference: The Computer's Memory 114) In modern integrated circuits, high and low electrical charges represent bits, but these circuits work as if they were really made up of tiny ________. Answer: switches Diff: 3 Reference: Bit Basics 115) The wire groups that transfer data between components on the motherboard are known as the ________ buses. Answer: internal Diff: 2 Reference: Buses, Ports, and Peripherals 116) Slots and ________ enable the CPU to communicate with the outside world via peripheral devices. Answer: ports Diff: 2 Reference: Buses, Ports, and Peripherals 117) The microprocessor, also known by the acronym ________ is considered the "brain" of the computer. Answer: CPU Diff: 2 Reference: What Computers Do 118) Information on computers is ________, which means it can be made up of two values. Answer: binary Diff: 2 Reference: Bit Basics 119) The ________ number system is a system that denotes all numbers with combinations of two digits. Answer: binary Diff: 2 Reference: Bits as Numbers 120) ________ is a coding scheme that supports 100,000 unique characters—more than enough for all major world languages. Answer: Unicode Diff: 2 Reference: Bits as Codes 121) A ________ CPU can (with the right software) divide the work load between processors, assigning multiple cores to labor-intensive tasks such as photo or video editing. Answer: multicore Diff: 2 Reference: From Multicore to Cluster 122) A ________, also known as a PB, is the astronomical value that is equivalent to 1,024 terabytes, or 1 quadrillion bytes. Answer: petabyte Diff: 2 Reference: Bits, Bytes, and Buzzwords 123) When computer software developed for one processor does not work on another processor, it is not ________. Answer: compatible Diff: 2 Reference: Compatibility 124) Think of memory as millions of tiny storage ________, each of which can contain a single byte of information. Answer: cells Diff: 2 Reference: How It Works: Memory 125) ________ Corp. is responsible for manufacturing the Pentium family of processors. Answer: Intel Diff: 2 Reference: Performance 126) Computers store important start-up information on chips that are commonly known by the acronym ________. Answer: ROM Diff: 2 Reference: The Computer's Memory 127) The time it takes a processor to retrieve data from memory is called ________ time. Answer: access Diff: 2 Reference: The Computer's Memory 128) The access time for most memory is measured in ________ (billionths of a second). Answer: nanoseconds Diff: 2 Reference: The Computer's Memory 129) Computer users can customize their computers by inserting special-purpose circuit boards called ________ cards. Answer: expansion Diff: 2 Reference: Buses, Ports, and Peripherals Match the term on the left to its corresponding definition on the right. A) printer, scanner, or mouse, for example B) low-energy, battery powered memory C) memory chips on small circuit boards D) similar to RAM but nonvolatile E) unchangeable information that serves as reference material for the CPU F) socket on the outside of the computer G) contained on the CPU to perform a variety of simple tasks H) adds an additional feature to a computer system I) area in the computer box for disk drives or other devices J) wires that move data from one component to another K) temporary storage area 130) bus Diff: 2 Reference: Buses, Ports, and Peripherals 131) bay Diff: 2 Reference: Buses, Ports, and Peripherals 132) expansion card Diff: 2 Reference: Buses, Ports, and Peripherals 133) port Diff: 2 Reference: Buses, Ports, and Peripherals 134) peripheral Diff: 2 Reference: Buses, Ports, and Peripherals 135) RAM Diff: 2 Reference: The Computer's Memory 136) CMOS Diff: 2 Reference: The Computer's Memory 137) DIMMs Diff: 2 Reference: How It Works: Memory 138) ROM Diff: 2 Reference: The Computer's Memory 139) flash memory Diff: 2 Reference: The Computer's Memory 140) instructions Diff: 2 Reference: The Computer's Memory Answers: 130) J 131) I 132) H 133) F 134) A 135) K 136) B 137) C 138) E 139) D 140) G Match the term on the left to its corresponding definition on the right. A) 32 or 64 bit storage for the ALU B) memory that is faster than RAM C) part of the CPU where instructions are performed D) timing device E) translates an instruction into a form suitable for the CPU's internal processing F) the final phase of execution for a CPU 141) ALU Diff: 2 Reference: How It Works: The CPU 142) register Diff: 2 Reference: How It Works: The CPU 143) writeback Diff: 2 Reference: How It Works: The CPU 144) cache Diff: 2 Reference: How It Works: The CPU 145) decode unit Diff: 2 Reference: How It Works: The CPU 146) clock Diff: 2 Reference: Performance Answers: 141) C 142) A 143) F 144) B 145) E 146) D