Organizational Behaviour – Ch4 Ch5

CHAPTER 4 – PERSONALITY, CULTURAL VALUES AND ABILITY What is personality? • What people are like • Relatively Stable psychological characteristics…. • …That influence how we interact with our environment What’s your personality profile? The Big Five • Conscientiousness © • Agreeableness (A) • Neuroticism (vs. emotional stability) • Openness to experience • Extraversion Do the big five matter? Task performance • Conscientiousness (1) • Neuroticism (2) • Extraversion (3) ? Matters more to some types of jobs than others • Agreeableness (4) • Openness (5) Citizenship Behaviours • Conscientiousness Counterproductive behaviours • Conscientiousness (-) Training Proficiency • Openness to experience • Extraversion • Conscientiousness What determines behaviour at work? • Personality • The environment • Both? ? Situational Strength • The conscientiousness-task performance relationship is… ? More pronounced when occupations lack: Structure Situational Constraints Industry Norms, rules and procedures to follow Other personality traits • Self-monitoring ? Observing and regulating behaviour in social settings • Self Esteem ? Degree to which we have a positive self-evaluation • General Self Efficacy ? Belief in one's ability to perform successfully across situations • Positive and Negative Affect ? Propensity to view the world in a positive or negative light Organizational Values • Team work: collaboration • Excellence: in teaching, research and career support • Leadership • Fun • Engagement CHAPTER 5 – JOB SATISFACTION A pleasurable emotional state resulting from the appraisal of one's job. How one feels and thinks about one's job. What are Attitudes? • Fairly stable (un)favorable evaluations of ? Specific objects, situations, people • Components: ABC's ? Affective (feel) + ? Cognitive (think) = ? Behaviour What determines job satisfaction? • Disposition ? Some people are predisposed to be more satisfied • Does the job satisfy my values? Value-Percept Theory Dissatisfaction = (V want - V have) * (V importance) Deficit? Overall Job Satisfaction EX. Overall how satisfied are you with your work? Facets of Satisfaction Pay Promotions Supervisors Coworkers Work tasks (work itself) Job Characteristics Theory Meaningfulness of work Responsibility for outcomes Knowledge of results Variety Identity Significance Autonomy Feedback • Remember psychological contracts • Mood & Emotions ? Moods and emotion differ in terms of: Length of time Whether they have a target Affective events theory Workplace events -> emotional reactions Emotional reactions -> satisfaction & behaviours Satisfaction can fluctuate on a daily basis Strains Physical (physiological) ? Dizziness ? Headaches ? Tight muscles ? Pounding heart ? Stomach distress ? Difficulty sleeping ? Shortness of breath ? Illness (e.g. colds) ? Death (karoshi) 2. Behavioural ? Accidents at work ? Performance changes ? Substance abuse ? Absenteeism & turnover ? Aggression retaliation ? Other counterproductive work behaviours 3. Burnout ? Exhaustion: § Emotional § Mental § Physical ? Cynicism ? Low self efficacy Productive stress reactions How do you manage your behaviour/calm yourself down in reactions 1. Behavioural methods Actions i. Problem focused ? Working harder ? Seeking assistance ? Acquiring additional resources ii. Emotion focused ? Engaging in alternative activities ? Seeking support ? Venting anger 2. Cognitive methods Thoughts i. Emotion focused ? Avoiding, distancing and ignoring ? Looking for the positive in the negative ? reappraising ii. Problem focused ? Strategizing ? Self motivation ? Changing priorities Reducing & Managing Stress ? Work planning Decreased/compressed work week Flextime Flexplace/telecommuting Personal Days/hours Job Sharing Part time work Health and Wellness programs