Exam 1 White Version

Exam #1 WHITE VERSION 9/28/09 MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) In order to change the direct binding between an antigen and an antibody, what would need to be 1) changed in the antibody? A) the framework regions B) the constant region of the heavy chain C) the Fab region D) the constant region of the light chain 2) The main function of bone marrow stromal cells is to: 2) A) phagocytose apoptotic cells B) provide growth factors for developing cells C) present antigens to mature T cells D) replace damaged bone 3) Looking at the image in the front of the class, what region contains the same type of cells as those 3) found in the periarteriolar lymphoid sheath? A) A B) B C) C D) D 4) What is the function of MyD88? 4) A) it is an adhesion molecule used by monocytes B) it is a cytokine that stimulate inflammation C) it is antigen receptor on innate immune cells D) it is a signaling molecule associated with Toll-like Receptors 5) How do B cells switch isotypes? 5) A) more than one of the above is correct B) they change their light chain constant region C) they change their Fc regions D) they change their heavy chain variable region 6) Knowing the function of regulatory T cells and also knowing how different cytokines affect the 6) immune response, which of the following would most likely be produced by regulatory T cells? A) IL-10 B) GM-CSF C) IFN-g D) TNF 7) What is the difference between a tolergen and an immunogen? 7) A) more than one of the above is correct B) only one (either tolergens or immunogens) binds directly to opsonin receptors C) only one (either tolergens or immunogens) binds to receptors and activates immune cells D) only one (either tolergens or immunogens) binds directly to receptors on B and T cells Fall 2009 Exam #1 WHITE VERSION 9/28/09 8) The antibody that is the most stable in the blood and survives the longest in the blood is: 8) A) the isotype that causes allergic reactions B) the same isotype that forms pentamers when it is secreted C) the isotype that is found on naive B cells D) the same isotype that passes across the placenta into the fetal circulation 9) What is the purpose of early endosomes in neutrohils? 9) A) ligands and receptors dissociate in the early endosome and the receptors can return to the plasma membrane B) the early endosomal membranes contain the antigen receptors for LPS and peptidoglycan C) the early endosomes are secreted to allow the neutrophils to chemotax D) more than one of the above are correct 10) Where are lymphocytes and erythrocytes able to mix freely in sinuses (and not be confined to blood vessels)? A) spleen B) more than one of the above is correct C) Peyer's Patches D) lymph node 10) 11) In order for a neutrophil to extravasate, first on the neutrophils bind to receptors on the endothelial cells, and the neutrophil slows down. Then, _on the neutrophils binds to ligands on endothelial cells, and the neutrophil stops. A) integrins; L-selectin B) integrins; P-selectin ligand C) L-selectin; integrins D) P-selectin ligand; integrins 11) 12) What aspect of the immune response did Edward Jenner's discoveries relate to? 12) A) the relationship bewteen cytokines and septic shock B) the development of memory cells C) clinical uses for passive immunity D) the production of IgE and activation of mast cells 13) What isotype of antibody is found in tears and mucus? 13) A) the same isotype that opsonizes antigens B) the same isotype that forms a dimer when it is secreted C) the same isotype that forms a pentamer when it is secreted D) the same isotype that is responsible for allergic reactions 14) Which of the following functions is NOT performed by complement proteins? 14) A) opsonization of pathogens B) activation of cytotoxic T cells C) promoting inflammation D) osmotic lysis of bacterial cells 2 Fall 2009 Exam #1 WHITE VERSION 9/28/09 15) Which of the following serve as opsonins? 15) A) Defensins B) two of the above are opsonins C) IgD D) C-reactive protein 16) If a patient has had an intracellular infection (ex: virus) for about one week, the effector cell that is necessary to stop the infection is: (think about what needs to happen to infected cells) A) neutrophils B) helper T cells C) cytotoxic T cells D) B cells 16) 17) What is the difference between naive B cells and plasma cells? 17) A) only one (either naive B cells or plasma cells) is located in the medulla of the thymus B) only one (either naive B cells or plasma cells) expresses E-selectin and P-selectin C) only one (either naive B cells or plasma cells) secretes IgD D) only one (either naive B cells or plasma cells) can bind to high endothelial venules 18) What is the difference between macrophages and neutrophils? 18) A) only one (either macrophages or neutrophils) undergoes clonal expansion following antigen stimulation B) only one (either macrophages or neutrophils) expresses Toll-like Receptors C) only one (either macrophages or neutrophils) stimulates development of blood vessels D) only one (either macrophages or neutrophils) undergoes the respiratory burst 19) If you look at the image at the front of the class, where would you expect to find germinal centers? 19) A) A B) B C) C D) D 20) During development of the myeloid lineage, develop when progenitors are exposed to the cytokine _. A) natural killer cells; IL-10 B) monocytes, GM-CSF C) B cells, IL-7 D) dendritic cells, IL-7 20) 21) The majority of M cells are located on the edge ofthe marginal zone 21) A) True B) False 22) If someone has a large infection, one would expect the number of secondary follicles in the patient to increase. A) True B) False 22) 23) The hinge and the J chain are used by all antibodies to provide flexibility. 23) A) True B) False 3 Fall 2009 Exam #1 WHITE VERSION 9/28/09 24) The antigen receptors on innate imune cells do not bind directly to self antigens, but the antigen receptors on adaptive immune cells may bind directly to self antigen. A) True B) False 24) 25) Blood vessels carry naive lymphocytes to all secondary lymphoid organs and lymphatic vessels carry antigens to all secondary lymphoid organs A) True B) False 25) 26) The CDRs are located within the beta-pleated sheets of the immunoglobulin domains. 26) A) True B) False 27) TLR2 binds to peptidoglycan and TLR5 binds to bacterial flagellin 27) A) True B) True 28) If a histologist looks at lung tissue and sees a large number of neutrophils in the lungs, the histologist will label the tissue as "inflammed". A) True B) False 28) 29) In additionto providing a physican barrier, epithelial cells also secrete molecules that are directly toxic to certain pathogens. A) True B) False 30) The thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct allow activated T cells to enter the superior vena cava of the heart. A) True B) False 29) 30) 31) The B cells responding to blood-borne infections would most likely be found in the white pulp 31) A) True B) False 32) During septic shock, a patient's blood pressure is extremely high while their blood sugar level is extremely low. A) True B) False 33) After their receptors bind to antigens, dendritic cells proliferate and then differentiate into effector cells. A) True B) False 32) 33) 34) Activated T cells and neutrophils express CXCR3, which is not expressed by activated B cells 34) A) True B) False 35) The genes for the mannose receptor and the T cell receptor are both encoded in the germline, but the genes for the T cell receptor are not expressed until T cells complete development. A) True B) False 36) In response to TNF, endothelial cells dilate (get bigger) and the smooth muscles around blood vessels contract. A) True B) False 35) 36) 4 Fall 2009 Exam #1 WHITE VERSION 9/28/09 37) Innate immune cells phagocytose antigens, adaptive immune cells do not phagocytose. 37) A) True B) False 38) Memory B cells and memory macrophages proliferate more quickly than naive cells. 38) A) True B) False 39) The first region of an antibody that forms during B cell development is the m (mu) heavy chain? 39) A) True B) False 40) The draining lymph nodes are the lymph nodes closest to the primary lymphoid organs. 40) A) True B) False 41) Active immunity involves proteins secreted by adaptive immune cells whereas passive immunity involves proteins secreted by innate immune cells. A) True B) False 41) 42) Hassal's Corpuscles are found in an organ that shrinks after puberty 42) A) True B) False 43) TGF-b and IL-10 have the same effect on the immune response 43) A) True B) False 44) Without phagocyte oxidase, natural kills cells can not produce reactive oxygen species. 44) A) True B) False 45) And F(ab')2 fragment lacks the constant regions of the light chains and heavy chains. 45) A) True B) False 46) EXTRA CREDIT: A pathogen that is not destroyed by macrophages but actually infects and lives inside macrophages is: 46) A) E. coli B) Helminths C) Mycobacterium Tuberculosis D) Hepatitis A 5 Fall 2009