In Kagan's model, children are more likely to develop an aggressive, antisocial personality if
A) they have an inhibited temperament and receive overprotection.
B) they have an inhibited temperament and are encouraged to explore the environment.
C) they have an uninhibited temperament and receive strict discipline.
D) they have an uninhibited temperament and receive lax discipline.
Question 2
A person's temperament is best described as
A) learned in early childhood.
B) similar to the Freudian superego.
C) changeable until adolescence, but stable in adulthood.
D) biologically determined.
Question 3
Kagans temperament types are:
A) Only the result of heredity.
B) At least half influenced by heredity if not more.
C) Mostly influence by the environment.
D) Related to intelligence.
Question 4
According to the text, the communication of _______ make social living possible.
A) Social norms
B) Emotions
C) Altruism
D) Empathy
Question 5
Experience cannot change biology.
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
|
|
If there is evidence for the heritability of a personality trait, we should focus on a biological-level
interpretation of that trait, according to the text.
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
Question 2
Evolution through transmitted learning from one generation to another is called
A) Normative evolution
B) Classical conditioning
C) Cultural evolution
D) Cultural consciousness
Question 3
Which statement best describes the relevance of evolutionary theory for culture?
A) Evolutionary theory competes with and contradicts cultural explanations.
B) Cultural explanations have demonstrated that evolutionary explanations are incorrect.
C) Evolutionary explanations have demonstrated that cultural explanations are incorrect.
D) Cultural evolution is included within evolutionary theory.
Question 4
Aggression and striving for dominance are more common in
A) children than adults.
B) parents than childless couples.
C) females than males.
D) males than females.
Question 5
The term heritability refers to
A) how much the variability of a trait in a population can be attributed to genetic variation.
B) the similarity of identical twins.
C) the nature-nurture controversy.
D) similarity of physical characteristics, but not of psychological traits, with one's parents.
Question 6
Studies of rats deprived of maternal contact showed that the rats developed permanent deficits in the
hippocampus. Such deficits (in rats or humans) could make them more vulnerable to
A) aggression.
B) depression.
C) introversion.
D) sexual promiscuity.
Question 7
Harm avoidance is associated with high levels of serotonin.
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
Question 8
In Kagan's studies, children with an uninhibited type of temperament
A) acted aggressively.
B) tended to be only children (with no siblings).
C) interacted with the experimenter and a strange woman.
D) all of the above
|
|
Sexual fidelity, according to evolutionary theory,
A) is greater in females than in males.
B) is greater in males than in females.
C) is equal in both sexes.
D) is explained by cultural norms, not natural selection.
Question 2
The sexes differ in attitudes toward sexual promiscuity, according to evolutionary theory, because of
A) differences in parental investment.
B) different social norms.
C) parental uncertainty.
D) differences in the age of puberty.
Question 3
Evolutionary theory describes that sexual attraction is greatest toward
A) physically attractive partners.
B) older partners.
C) partners who resemble the opposite sex parent.
D) partners with artistic or musical talents.
Question 4
Evolved psychological mechanisms include all of the following except
A) imitation.
B) sexual jealousy.
C) temperament.
D) sexual attraction based on physical appearance.
|
|
The Big Five factors have been found in
A) adults.
B) children.
C) other countries.
D) all of the above
Question 2
Connie is imaginative and artistic, and more liberal and broadminded than most people. The factor
that best describes her is
A) agreeableness
B) extraversion
C) openness
D) neuroticism
Question 3
Which of the following does not describe extraverts, according to research on the Big Five?
A) friendly
B) talkative
C) sexually active
D) serene
Question 4
Which of the following is not one of the Big Five factors of personality?
A) Extraversion
B) Neuroticism
C) Openness
D) Aggressiveness
Question 5
Two psychologists who have researched the Big Five factors are
A) Skinner and Staats.
B) Dollard and Miller.
C) Allport and Odbert.
D) Costa and McCrae.
|
|
The specification equation includes
A) personality traits.
B) situational factors.
C) temporary factors.
D) all of the above
Question 2
Barbara has discovered that participating in a health club satisfies many motivations, including the
need for exercise and social motivation. This is an example of
A) short-circuiting.
B) an ability trait.
C) the master sentiment.
D) confluence learning.
Question 3
Relationships among attitudes, sentiments, and ergs are diagrammed in the
A) MAVA.
B) specification equation.
C) dynamic lattice.
D) P-technique.
Question 4
Which of the following statements is the best example of subsidiation?
A) Intelligence increases with age, up to a certain point.
B) Males and females have different typical personality profiles.
C) We must work in order to eat.
D) Americans tend to be more relaxed than Europeans.
Question 5
Researchers have found what kind of evidence against the inherited innate ability interpretation of
the Culture Fair Intelligence Test?
A) education does influence fluid intelligence scores
B) zero correlations between parents and children on this measure
C) failure of the measure to predict school performance
D) high correlations between this test and measures of extraversion
Question 6
Ergs involve a tendency to seek a particular
A) love partner.
B) temperature.
C) goal.
D) level of stimulation.
|
|
An individual's personality can be described by a half dozen or so central personality traits.
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
Question 2
Allport frequently emphasized the need for greater statistical sophistication in personality research.
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
Question 3
Scores on the Allport-Vernon-Lindzey Study of Values predict occupational activities decades later.
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
Question 4
Allport's term, proprium, corresponds most closely to which of the following terms?
A) neurosis
B) social influence
C) the self
D) the superego
Question 5
According to the study of quest orientation, a person who has a high quest orientation will be more inclined to depend on God to deal with a tragedy than an individual who has a low quest orientation.
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
|
|
The Culture Fair Intelligence Test is designed to measure
A) the impact of culture on intelligence.
B) crystallized intelligence.
C) race differences in intelligence.
D) fluid intelligence.
Question 2
Because of his beliefs about intelligence, Cattell supported __________ in order to prevent a decline
of the general intelligence of the population.
A) educational television
B) vitamin supplements to infants
C) early marriage
D) the eugenics movement
Question 3
The set of a person's scores on all 16 factors of the 16PF
A) is called the profile.
B) must total 100.
C) is a measure of adjustment.
D) is a measure of intelligence.
Question 4
Cattell claimed that his 16PF measures
A) adjustment.
B) the surface traits of normal personality.
C) the source traits of normal personality.
D) the effect of heredity on personality.
Question 5
A __________ procedure predicts behavior from several variables at once.
A) correlational
B) statistical
C) multivariate
D) MAVA
|
|
Ergs are
A) dynamic traits.
B) influenced by heredity.
C) comparable to animal instincts.
D) all of the above
Question 2
Constitutional, dynamic source traits such as anger, curiosity, and fear are called
A) ergs.
B) metaergs.
C) sentiments.
D) attitudes.
Question 3
__________ traits are motivational traits.
A) Ability
B) Dynamic
C) Surface
D) Temperament
Question 4
Heredity determines __________ of the variation in people's intelligence, according to Cattell.
A) none
B) nearly all
C) about 50
D) about 80
Question 5
Cattell defined personality as that which permits
A) prediction of what a person will do in a given situation.
B) evaluation of the level of adjustment of a person.
C) selection of an appropriate questionnaire.
D) optimal assignment of individuals to jobs.
Question 6
Cattell criticized clinicians because of inadequacies
A) in resolving the transference.
B) in their own unresolved complexes.
C) in making diagnoses without using empirical data.
D) in therapeutic interventions.
|
|
In our school, each member of the Chemistry Department publishes articles in peer-reviewed journals. Therefore, the Chemistry Department publishes articles in peer-reviewed journals commits the fallacy of
A) slippery slope B) equivocation C) amphiboly D) composition E) division
|
|
An overemphasis of work as a basis of identity can be harmful to development according to Erikson
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
Question 2
Technological elements in culture provide a way to support a sense of competence.
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
Question 3
Erikson noted that society's gender roles support the ego strength of initiative.
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
Question 4
According to Erikson, religion misleads people by giving them false hope.
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
|
|
