Energy homeostasis is regulated primarily by the brain, gastrointestinal tract, other organ systems,

Energy homeostasis is regulated primarily by the brain, gastrointestinal tract, other organ systems, and adipose tissue with the purpose of controlling food intake, satiety, and energy expenditure. These processes involve a variety of chemical mediators in both central and peripheral and central neurochemical pathways.

In the center is the hypothalamus, surrounded by food intake, satiety, and energy expenditure. From the top, both chemical mediators and gastrointestinal tract flows to short term regulatory signals, which flows to the center. From the bottom, both chemical mediators and adipose tissue flows to long term regulatory signals, which flows to the center.