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When dependent variables are well matched with the real number system,
When dependent variables are well matched with the real number system, A) more powerful statistical tests can be used to analyze the data. B) less powerful statistical tests must be used to analyze the data. C) statistical tests become
Obtaining "nose prints" on glass in an art exhibit was a clever and ________ way to measure ________
Obtaining "nose prints" on glass in an art exhibit was a clever and ________ way to measure ________. A) obtrusive; interest in art B) unobtrusive; interest in art C) archival; patrons' height D) unobtrusive; patron
Case-study research is of a higher level of constraint than naturalistic observation because
Case-study research is of a higher level of constraint than naturalistic observation because A) humans rather than animals are being studied. B) the researcher intervenes with the participant's functioning. C) case-study research
Error variance is another name for A) systematic between-groups variance. B) experimental variance. C) nonsystematic within-groups variance. D) extraneous variance.
A theoretical approach to flying would involve A) imitating bird behavior. B) using existing knowledge and ideas. C) risk-taking behavior. D) the use of tenacity.
Replication of research is made possible chiefly by
Replication of research is made possible chiefly by A) research grants. B) the researcher's fervor. C) good operational definitions of the variables. D) sophisticated statistical procedures.
The statement that there is no statistically significant difference between two population variances
The statement that there is no statistically significant difference between two population variances exemplifies a(n) A) no-difference hypothesis. B) null hypothesis. C) no-difference theorem. D) alternative hypothesis.
Statistical procedures help to provide objectivity in the
Statistical procedures help to provide objectivity in the A) interpretation of data. B) measurement process. C) observation process. D) observation process and interpretation of data.
Which measure of variability COULD remain unchanged if one score in the sample decreased by 10 point
Which measure of variability COULD remain unchanged if one score in the sample decreased by 10 points? A) range B) variance C) standard deviation D) All of these measures would always change if one score were changed.
Which of the following represents data arranged on an ordinal scale of measurement?
Which of the following represents data arranged on an ordinal scale of measurement? A) ranking of color preferences in a human factors engineering study B) total number of calories consumed on a weight reduction program C) scores on an
Control by preparation of laboratory setting primarily helps reduce threats to
Control by preparation of laboratory setting primarily helps reduce threats to A) external validity. B) internal validity. C) construct validity. D) setting validity.
By mapping the relationships between brain functioning and behavior, the neuropsychologist is essent
By mapping the relationships between brain functioning and behavior, the neuropsychologist is essentially employing A) unethical research. B) experimental research. C) correlational research. D) naturalistic research.
Suppose a psychoanalyst studies enuretic children seen in her private practice. She observed that ea
Suppose a psychoanalyst studies enuretic children seen in her private practice. She observed that each child suffers from Oedipal conflicts and thus concluded that all enuretic children suffer from such conflicts. This conclusion illustrates a proble
Carrying out a survey by interviewing the first 100 people coming out of a movie theater would be an
Carrying out a survey by interviewing the first 100 people coming out of a movie theater would be an example of A) a status survey. B) nonprobability sampling. C) probability sampling. D) simple random sampling.
A researcher conducts a study comparing class grades and age in one classroom. While the majority of
A researcher conducts a study comparing class grades and age in one classroom. While the majority of the class is 19-22 years old, there are three students in their 40s. In this case, the most reasonable measure of central tendency would be the
If a frequency polygon showed a distinctive bunching of scores near the bottom of the scale with few
If a frequency polygon showed a distinctive bunching of scores near the bottom of the scale with few scores in the middle and upper parts of a scale, we would say that the data were A) normally distributed. B) positively skewed. C) neg
In an ABA reversal design, the term "reversal" refers to
In an ABA reversal design, the term "reversal" refers to A) the sequential reversal of levels of treatment. B) reversing the order of presentation of stimuli. C) controlling for sequence effects. D) switching the indepen
Factorial designs A) include no more than one research hypothesis. B) cannot test participants across more than one condition. C) are ineffective when matched participants are included. D) contain more than one null hypothesis.
The single-group, pretest-posttest design, although it is considered a(n) ________ design, is a(n) _
The single-group, pretest-posttest design, although it is considered a(n) ________ design, is a(n) ________ design. A) within-subjects; nonexperimental B) between-subjects; nonexperimental C) within-subjects; experimental D) low-c
If a broken clock (i.e., stuck on the same time) is consulted every hour on the hour, it willA) yiel
If a broken clock (i.e., stuck on the same time) is consulted every hour on the hour, it will A) yield a reading that is valid. B) yield a reading that is valid but not reliable. C) yield a highly reliable reading, but one that is not
Whose responsibility is it to make sure that research is carried out in an ethical manner.
Whose responsibility is it to make sure that research is carried out in an ethical manner. A) the research methods instructors B) the researcher C) the university D) the federal government
A study of test taking behavior under stressful conditions is most typical of which type of psycholo
A study of test taking behavior under stressful conditions is most typical of which type of psychology? A) behaviorism B) psychoanalytic C) functional structuralism D) structural functionalism
Low-constraint research enables us to obtain useful information about
Low-constraint research enables us to obtain useful information about A) techniques for manipulating variables. B) causality. C) relationships among variables. D) making and testing predictions.
The statement "variation is necessary to carry out experiments"
The statement "variation is necessary to carry out experiments" A) is true only in experiments involving human participants. B) is not true in nearly 30% of all experimentation. C) refers only to the importance of having very
In correlational research, we are primarily concerned with
In correlational research, we are primarily concerned with A) quantifying the relationship between two or more variables. B) the effect of the natural environment on the participant. C) a comparison between two or more groups of partic
One is most apt to make use of the research literature in the
One is most apt to make use of the research literature in the A) idea-generation phase of research. B) problem-definition phase of research. C) data-analysis phase of research. D) interpretation phase of research.
One of the chief weaknesses of an ex post facto procedure is that
One of the chief weaknesses of an ex post facto procedure is that A) it is only valid in research on children. B) no dependent variable can be manipulated. C) the researcher is unable to eliminate rival hypotheses. D) there are no
The chief disadvantage of the t-test is that A) it evaluates only the variance and not the means. B) it is difficult to apply. C) it can only be used when there are three or more groups. D) it can only compare two groups at a time
Statistics used to summarize, simplify, and represent large numbers of measurements are called
Statistics used to summarize, simplify, and represent large numbers of measurements are called A) prescriptive statistics. B) parametric statistics. C) inferential statistics. D) descriptive statistics.
