SCIN132 APPLICATION ASSIGNMENT #1

https://biology-forums.com/index.php?topic=9794.msg33780#msg33780

PART 1
a. Bones; philanges, radialis, ulna, humerous
b. joints; acromium process, elbow, wrist
c. muscles; flexors, bicep brachaii, bicep, tricep, deltoid

Do you have the answers for Part 2?

D.
It starts with sensory function that begins from being detected by the stimuli being produced by traveling to the cranial nerves.  Then we go  into the integrative function going to the brain to analyze what it wants to do.  Aftewr this, we go into the last phase known as the motor function by traveling back through the cranial and spinal nerves which is going to incoorperate the radial nerves then it passes down the posterial lateral surface of the arm and forearm supplying all of the external and extensor muscles of the arm, forearms, and hands,  Once it has reached all these phases the action of swinging takes place.

Do you happen to have the mid-term?

Sorry I dont have the reference, I receive from someone else off this site.

Application Assignment #1


Situation: Melissa is practicing her golf swing at a driving range.

 

(Part One): Muscles, Joints and Bones Anatomy [50 total points possible]
a.   Which bones of the body are used to go from the anatomical position to holding the golf club in front of her with both hands as seen in the picture above? (Discuss the bones in the upper extremity only) [16 points possible]
b.   Which joints are used, and what is the type of action for each joint (i.e. flexion, extension, etc.)? (Discuss the joints in the upper extremity only) [17 points possible]
c.   Which muscles are required to complete the stance? (Discuss the muscles in the upper extremity only) [17 points possible]

 (Part 2): Nervous System and Muscle Physiology [40 total points possible]
d.   What occurs from the moment Melissa decides to swing to actually completing the act?  Detail the steps needed for the thought to go from the first neuron to the second, and then from the last neuron to one of the muscles you identified in Part 1c above. [25 points possible]
e.   Which nerve directly innervates the muscle you chose in Part 2d above? [3 points possible]
f.   Explain the Sliding Filament Theory. [12 points possible]

*Remember that all answers should be in your own words with citations and references included. Use of proper terminology and correct spelling is expected. [10 points possible]



Answer:  Fill in the sections below with your answers for each.


Part 1: Muscles, Joints and Bones Anatomy:

A. The bones that are used to go from the anatomical position to the position of holding the golf club in front are the phalanges, metacarpals, Carpals, ulna, radius, humerus, clavicle, scapula, the spinal cord and supporting vertebrae, sternum, rib cage
 
B.  The joints that are used, and the action that each joint makes is: metacarpalpophalang eal (hinge),metataropshalangeal (hinge) radiocarpal (biaxial or multiaxial, radioular,proximal distal (pivot/monoaxial), cubital/elbow(hinge/monoaxial), Glenohumeral(ball and socket), acromioclvicular(plane/multiaxial), costovertebral (plane/multiaxial
 
C. The  muscles that are required to complete a stance are as followed:Triceps deltoid, and pectoralis major along with lattissimus dorsi both adduct flex and extend both shoulders. The coracobrachialis adducts arms and flexes the shoulders along with the assistance from subscapularis,supraspinatus, teres minor, and infraspinatus laterally rotate the arms outward and down holding the humerus in place, also the  trapezius and serratus anterior muscles have aided in the stabilization to the fore arms the flexor carpi radialis along with flexor digitorium superficialis and flexor pollicis longus work together with Palmaris longus to complete the stance of arms extended down and grasping the golf club, while the most important of muscles utilized in a golf swing the abdominals , obligues, and torso provide the rotation and torque to propel a golf ball
 
 
Part 2: Nervous System and Muscle Physiology:


D. Once Melissa decided to swing she actually was used the cerebral cortex whose axons form pathways, synapse directly with lower motor neurons or groups of nerve fibers, for Melissa her corticospinal tract which is involved in direct control of movement below the head. Most of the corticospinal fibers synapse with interneurons in the lateral portions of the spinal cord central gray matter. The interneurons in turn synapse with the lower motor neurons of the anterior horn that innervate primarily distal limb muscles like the arms and hands of Melissa.
 
E. The muscle you chose  for example the Ulnar Nerve which is a peripheral nerve of the medial cord would influences the movement of  the wrist, fingers, and specifically innervates two of the fore arm muscles, flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor digitorium profundus plus most of the intricate hand muscle which have a valuable asset in the grasp of a golf swing. To note in summary an impulse from the central nervous system travels down a preganglionic neuron causing a release of a chemical that can bind to a receptor on the cell body of the post ganglionic neurons and will release chemicals that bind to receptors on the target muscles, the main chemical released are acetycholine and noradrenaline. These are released from neurons, all neurons leaving the central nervous system release acetylcholine.
 
F. The sliding Filament Theory is when the muscle contraction includes all the events that result in actin myofilament sliding over myosin myofiliaments to shorten the sarcomeres of muscles fibers. Actin and myosin myofilaments do not change length during contraction of skeletal muscles. Instead the actin and myosin myofilaments slide past one another in a way that causes the sarcomeres to shorten. The shortening of the sarcomeres is responsible for the contraction of skeletal muscles. When sarcomeres shorten the myofibrils also shorten because the myofibrils consist of sarcomeres joined end to end. The myofibrils extend the length of the muscle fibers and when they shorten the muscle fibers shorten. Muscle bundles are made up of muscle fiber and muscles are made up of muscle bundles. Therefore when sarcomeres shorten, myofibrils, muscle fibers, muscle bundles, and muscles shorten to produce muscle contractions.

UNREAL...!! Thanks a million..

does anyone know about where the information came from? I see some of it in the 8E of the Torta