What is a consequence of direct primaries?

What is a consequence of direct primaries?
 
  a. Direct primaries increase the influence of political party leaders.
  b. Direct primaries increase cohesion within parties.
  c. Direct primaries increase the autonomy of elected politicians.
  d. Direct primaries increase the electability of party-line candidates.

Question -2-

If the president wants his or her staff to address the press about a certain issue, but wants to keep the conversation focused on that issue, he or she might call for a __________.
 
  a. press release
  b. policy conference
  c. press conference
 d. press briefing

Question -3-

When did party conventions come into existence?
 
  a. in 1791, after ratification of the Constitution
 b. in the 1830s and 1840s
  c. in the early twentieth century, during the Progressive Era
  d. during the New Deal of the 1930s

Question -4-

The Telecommunications Act of 1996 __________.
 
  a. led to the establishment of multimedia corporations
  b. limited opportunities for media consolidation
 c. assured candidates of equal time on broadcast networks
  d. restructured the Federal Communications Commission