A staff member at a child care center says to you, The children at our center range in age from 6 weeks old to 5 years old. I often wonder when their visual perception abilities become fully developed. You can most accurately respond by saying:
a. They can see as well as you can within 24 hours after birth.
b. Their visual acuity improves dramatically within the first two months and is as good as that of an adult by about eight weeks of age.
c. Curiously, their eyesight is quite good at about six weeks but then temporarily deteriorates over the next few months as the brain undergoes reorganization.
d. Visual perception isn't truly adultlike until age 3 or 4, when the visual area of the cortex matures to an adultlike form.
Ques. 2Which one of the following examples best illustrates involvement of a central executive in information processing?
a. Adam absentmindedly cracks his knuckles every minute or two.
b. Brigette thinks about how she can best prepare for a history test.
c. Claudia has trouble keeping her mind on her classwork.
d. David is frightened the first time he hears the loud noises at a fireworks display.
Ques. 3Mr. Wagner stands in front of the class explaining the process of photosynthesis. Ellen is sitting in the front row, but her mind is on the fight she had with her best friend just before class. Based on this information, how far in Ellen's information processing system did Mr. Wagner's lecture get?
a. It reached the sensory register.
b. It reached working memory.
c. It reached long-term memory.
d. It never got into the system at all.
Ques. 4Information processing theorists often emphasize the importance of attention in the learning process. Why is attention so important?
a. It gets information into the sensory register.
b. It moves information from working memory into long-term memory.
c. It moves information from the sensory register into long-term memory.
d. It moves information from the sensory register into working memory.
Ques. 5Central to Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development is the idea that children make sense of their world:
a. Through the mental processes of assimilation and accommodation
b. By repeatedly encountering both pleasant and unpleasant events in their daily lives
c. Through their independent explorations of their physical and social environments
d. By interacting with more experienced people who mediate their understandings
Ques. 6Which one of the following best illustrates how sociocognitive conflict might promote cognitive development?
a. Two children work together on a crossword puzzle that includes the week's new spelling words.
b. The students in a cooperative learning group discuss different ways of solving a difficult math problem.
c. A teenage boy worries that his friends might think he's a nerd if he refuses a can of beer at a party.
d. Two students help each other prepare for a quiz by giving each other practice test questions.
Ques. 7Three of the following teaching strategies should help students benefit from a discovery learning activity. Which strategy is least likely to be helpful?
a. Mr. Azama makes sure students have some knowledge about triangles, including the concepts of base and height, and then provides an exercise through which the students discover for themselves the formula for calculating a triangle's area.
b. Ms. Berkowitz asks students to write down their discoveries about what happens to a chemical solution when they heat it.
c. Ms. Clift gives students several guidelines to follow as they conduct a physics experiment.
d. Mr. DiCicco takes his students to the site of a Civil War battle and says, OK, look around and see what you can find that might be of interest to your peers.
Ques. 8Which one of the following conditions is most likely to help children learn from a discovery learning activity?
a. Making sure children always remain in equilibrium
b. Having some prior knowledge about the material being explored
c. Having an abstract overview of the discovery session ahead of time
d. Having freedom to explore one's environment without any structure or restraint
Ques. 9Write a single paragraph that describes the process of cognitive development according to Piaget. Use all the following concepts in your answer in such a way that each concept's meaning is clear: accommodation, assimilation, disequilibrium, equilibration, equilibrium, schemes.
What will be an ideal response?
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