In Conyers et al study, the effects of reward and punishment on the behavior of preschoolers was compared. The results showed that:
a. punishment was more effective than reward in decreasing disruptive behavior
b. reward was more effective than punishment in decreasing disruptive behavior
c. both punishment and reward were effective in decreasing disruptive behavior
d. neither punishment nor reward were effective in decreasing disruptive behavior
Ques. 2In a study by Sulzbacher & Houser students were told they would receive an additional 10-minute recess but they would lose one minute of this recess every time the teacher saw the naughty finger. What effect did this technique have on a classroom of students using the naughty finger?
a. the number of naughty fingers gradually increased while the contingency was in effect
b. the number of naughty fingers gradually decreased while the contingency was in effect
c. the number of naughty fingers suddenly increased as soon as the contingency was in effect
d. the number of naughty fingers suddenly decreased as soon as the contingency was in effect
Ques. 3According to the law of effect:
a. learning is gradual
b. the learner must be aware of the contingency
c. learning requires practice but rewards or punishments are not needed
d. all of the above
Ques. 4If the verbal and nonverbal messages are contradictory, the receiver should rely on the verbal message and ignore the nonverbal message to avoid confusion.
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Ques. 5Which of the following is correct concerning Thorndike's research on the law of effect?
a. he studied cats in a puzzle box
b. he studied rats in a Skinner box
c. both of the above
d. none of the above
Ques. 6Verbal and nonverbal messages are equally important if they are contradictory, the receiver has to take the average of the two to get the intended meaning.
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Ques. 7Thorndike's theory of the law of effect is most consistent with which of the following metaphors of learning?
a. learning is like building a knowledge structure
b. learning is like adding information to memory
c. learning is like strengthening (or weakening) a stimulus-response connection
d. learning is like improving a mental muscle
Ques. 8Mr. Moore is the CEO of an international company. Based on what you know about high status and power people, which of the following traits would you expect Mr. Moore not to display?
a. Maintain eye contact with his audience
b. Be completely engaged when listening to someone else talk
c. Take the chair that is at the head of the table, or take other positions of prominence
d. Interrupt others
Ques. 9Feedback is information interpreted by the learner. This statement is most consistent with:
a. the reinforcement view of feedback
b. the behaviorist approach to learning
c. the idea that response strengthening is automatic
d. none of the above
Ques. 10If you want to communicate your feelings effectively, the following guidelines may help. One of them however is not a good piece of advice. Which one?
a. Have slightly stooped shoulders and downcast eyes so that you show respect for your partner
b. Keep your posture erect and hold your head high so that you show self-acceptance and well-being
c. Make your verbal and nonverbal messages congruent with each other so that they reinforce each other
d. Keep good eye contact so that you show that you are open for further communication
Ques. 11The contingency is in effect (i.e., the learner gets rewards and/or punishments) during which phase(s) of learning?
a. baseline
b. extinction
c. both of the above
d. none of the above
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