Matthew has high blood pressure that is controlled by a drug called an ACE-inhibitor. It inhibits a

Matthew has high blood pressure that is controlled by a drug called an ACE-inhibitor. It inhibits a hormone that contracts smooth muscle cells. How would this mechanism reduce blood pressure?

 

   A. Slowing of the heart.   
 

   B. Constricting venules.   
 

   C. Relaxing capillaries.   
 

   D. Constricting capillaries.   
 

   E. Relaxing arterioles   
Dak has a bacterial infection and his B cells are displaying bacterial antigen on their surfaces. Contact with what is required to induce these defense cells to clone?

 

   A. Helper T cells   
 

   B. Memory cells   
 

   C. Antibodies   
 

   D. Plasma cells   
 

   E. Immunoglobulins   
Hal has been bitten by a spider, and his immune system is reacting to the bite. In this example, what would be an antigen?

 

   A. Antibody   
 

   B. Spider venom protein   
 

   C. B-cell protein   
 

   D. IgE   
 

   E. Phagocyte   
Jake has an inherited disease in which his helper T cells fail to produce lymphokines. How would he respond to an infection?

 

   A. His B cells would fail to reproduce   
 

   B. He would be unable to get a fever   
 

   C. He would fail to produce interferon   
 

   D. He would lack macrophages   
 

   E. He would lack neutrophils   
Sarah was examining a fish specimen and found that it lacked glomeruli. She suspected that this was an adaptation to its environment. Likely where did it live?

 

   A. In fresh water, as fresh water fish are subject to osmotic water loss.   
 

   B. In salt water, as salt water fish are subject to osmotic water loss.   
 

   C. In salt water, as salt water fish are subject to osmotic water gain.   
 

   D. In fresh water, as fresh water fish are subject to osmotic water gain.   
Arrange the following in sequence of transit of a molecule of filtrate:

 

   A. 2>5>3>1>4.   
 

   B. 5>4>2>3>1.   
 

   C. 5>1>3>2>4.   
 

   D. 1>3>2>5>4.   
Larry has acidosis, a high level of hydrogen ions in the blood, due to failure of his kidneys to remove surplus hydrogen. What region of his nephrons are most likely malfunctioning?

 

   A. Collecting duct.   
 

   B. Descending limb.   
 

   C. Hairpin loop.   
 

   D. Distal convoluted tubule.   
Condi is a physiologist experimenting with nerve cells using microelectrodes. At what phase of neuron activity would she expect to measure the strongest positive membrane potential?

 

   A. Stimulus phase.   
 

   B. Action potential phase.   
 

   C. Threshold potential phase.   
 

   D. Resting membrane potential phase.   
 

   E. Repolarization phase.   
Condi is a physiologist experimenting with nerve cells using microelectrodes, and she observed a repolarization event. What would initiate repolarization?

 

   A. Influx of sodium ions.   
 

   B. Outflow of potassium ions.   
 

   C. Outflow of negatively charged proteins.   
 

   D. Influx of potassium ions.   
 

   E. Outflow of sodium ions   
Janak fell from a horse and received a spinal cord injury. How would you classify this injury in terms of a division of the nervous system?

 

   A. Autonomic.   
 

   B. Sympathetic.   
 

   C. Parasympathetic.   
 

   D. Peripheral.   
 

   E. Central.