List the four types of macromolecules essential to life. Describe the structures

Carbohydrates are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and have the general formula CH2O. Carbon and water exist in a 1:1 ratio. They are the primary components of cell walls and are the preferred energy source for many organisms.
   Proteins are chains of amino acids (amine group + carboxyl or acid group + central carbon). They are primarily structural molecules. They are blood transporters, aid in the function of the immune system, and promote metabolic reactions. Most enzymes are proteins.
   Nucleic acids are made of chains of nucleotides (phosphate + sugar + nitrogenous bases). They carry genetic information that passes traits from generation to generation.
   Lipids are long chains or rings of hydrogen and carbon. They can store high amounts of energy and are the primary components of cell membranes. Lipids also include the steroid hormones, which regulate sexual function in animals.