1) What is the first process in protein synthesis that is affected by a missense mutation?
a. None of the above
b. Translation
c. Replication
d. Transcription
2) Which of the following processes is a part of protein synthesis and is NOT affected by a silent mutation?
a. Translation
b. Transcription
c. Replication
d. Synapsis
3) Which of the following rows identify the type of mutation and the process in protein synthesis that is most affected by an insertion of a nucleotide in a gene that codes for a ribosome?
a. Mutation Process
Substitution Transcription
b. Mutation Process
Substitution Translation
c. Mutation Process
Frameshift Transcription
d. Mutation Process
Frameshift Translation
4) Identify the following sources of induced mutations, all of which increase the rate of mutation in human body cells.
Radiation exposures from airport security and during high altitude air travel. Answer
Ingredients such as toluene and dibutyl phthalate in nail polish. Answer
Exposure to BPA by heating up food wrapped in plastic wraps in microwaves. Answer
Exposure to UV radiation on a beach vacation. Answer
POSSIBLE ANSWER: PHYSICAL MUTAGENS, CHEMICAL MUTAGENS
5) Why does sickle cell anemia remain more prevalent in Sub-Saharan Africa than in the rest of the world?
a. People of African ancestry are genetically predisposed to carry the sickle cell allele.
b. Reduced access to medical facilities predisposes Sub-Saharan Africans to an increased chance of disease.
c. Infection with malaria provides a selective disadvantage to individuals who are heterozygous for the sickle cell allele.
d. The prevalence of malaria in Sub-Saharan Africa provided a selective advantage to individuals who were heterozygous.
6) A small section of a gene for a protein has the following nucleotide sequence:
GCT AGC AAC CGC GGG
Which of the following mutations would cause a nonsense mutation in the sequence shown above?
a. Insertion of uracil base after the first thymine base
b. Replacement of second guanine base with a thymine base
c. Replacement of second adenine base with a thymine base
d. Insertion of uracil base after the second cytosine base
7) A small section of a gene for a protein has the following nucleotide sequence:
GGC TCG GTA ACA TAC
Which of the following mutations would cause a silent mutation in the sequence shown above?
a. Replacement of first cytosine base with guanine base
b. Replacement of second adenine base with thymine base
c. Replacement of second guanine base with cytosine base
d. Replacement of first thymine base with adenine base
8) A small section of a gene for a protein has the following nucleotide sequence:
TAT AGG GAC CTA TGT
Which of the following mutations would cause a missense mutation in the sequence shown above?
a. Replacement of first thymine base with adenine base
b. Replacement of first cytosine base with guanine base
c. Replacement of final thymine base with guanine base
d. Replacement of second guanine base with cytosine base
9) A small section of bacterial DNA template (anti-sense) strand has the following nucleotide sequence:
AAG TAT TAT GCA
A mutation in the above sequence involved the insertion of a single base, leading to a shift in the reading frame of the gene, resulting in altered amino acids downstream from the insertion.
Which of the following gene sequences exemplifies the mutation described above?
a. AAG CTA TTA TGC A
b. AGT ATT ATG CA
c. AAG TAT TAC GCA
d. AAG TAT UTA TGC A
10) A small section of Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene has the amino acid sequence valine, histidine, cysteine, and lysine.
A mutation in the above section of the amino acid sequence resulted in the substitution of amino acid histidine with amino acid glutamine.
The mutation in the antisense strand DNA of Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene described above involves
a. the deletion of second guanine base from GTG
b. the deletion of second cytosine base from CAC
c. the substitution of thymine base from GTG
d. the substitution of second cytosine base from CAC
11) Several genes code for enzymes that are responsible for histidine biosynthesis in Escherichia coli. Part of the amino acid sequence for one of these enzymes is:
AUG CCU UGG GCC CAA AAA UGC
A series of mutants that have lost activity for this enzyme are recovered. The mutant products are analyzed and found to have the following amino acid sequences:
Mutant 1: Met-Pro-Trp-Pro-Glu-Lys-Cys
Mutant 2: Met-Pro
Mutant 3: Met-Pro-Cys-Gly-Pro-Lys-Met
Mutant 4: Met-Pro-Trp-Pro-Lys-Asp
Choose the correct type of mutation that occurred in the DNA to produce each mutant type.
Nonsense Answer
Point Answer
Addition Answer
Deletion Answer
12) Which characteristics of mitochondrial DNA and chloroplast DNA sheds light into the evolutionary relationships between species?
a. cpDNA and mtDNA are much larger and contain more information than nuclear DNA.
b. mtDNA and cpDNA have low rate of mutation.
c. cpDNA is a combination of the two parents’ nuclear DNA.
d. mtDNA is found in all cells, whereas cpDNA is found in plant cells.
13) Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is genetically identical to
a. DNA found in the nucleus of the cell
b. Mother’s and father’s mtDNA
c. Other siblings of the same father
d. Mitochondria found in other species
e. Other siblings of the same mother
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