What is the purpose of sand paintings when diagnosing ILLNESS in the Navajo American Indian ...

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Explanation: 1. Sand paintings may be incorporated as part of the practice of motion in the hand. The shape of the painting using the symbolic colors of white, blue, yellow, and black determines the cause and the treatment of the ILLNESS.
2. Chanting as part of motion in the hand is determined by the amount the family is able to pay.
3. The use of sand paintings is part of the overall process of motion in the hand, but aids the medicine man in diagnosis, not in providing calm.
4. The symbolic colors help to determine the shape and provide cause of the ILLNESS, but are not symbolic representations of the patient and family.