The Urinary System
1. The functions of the urinary system include elimination of __________ such as ___________________ _ wastes, __________, and drugs.
2. Kidneys also regulate ___________________ _, including water and ___________________ _ balance, and blood acid-base balance, along with __________ pressure, __________ production, and activation of ___________________ _.
3. The organs of the urinary System include:
___________________ _ (right and left)
___________________ _ (right and left)
___________________ _
___________________ _
4. The ______________ _______________ sits on top of the kidney.
5. The ________kidney is lower than the _________kidney.
6. A layer of fat, the ___________________ _ ___________________ _, cushions, protects, and supports each kidney.
7. The regions of the kidney include the
___________________ _-outer region
___________________ _-inside the cortex
___________________ _-inner collecting tube
8. Kidney structures include the
___________________ _- triangular regions of tissue in the medulla
___________________ _- extensions of cortex-like material inward
___________________ _ - cup shaped structures that funnel urine towards the renal pelvis
9. Blood flow in the kidneys starts in the ___________________ _ artery to the entire kidney. Blood flow to each nephron is through the ________________ _____________ ; the ball of capillaries in the nephron is the ___________________ _, and the ___________________ _ arteriole drains the nephron. The ___________________ _ __________ drains blood from the kidney.
10. The structural and functional units of the kidneys are the ___________________ _. The main parts are the blood-carrying ___________________ _ and the long, coiled __________ __________.
11. The parts of the ________________ ______________ are: the balloon-like ______________ __________, which captures filtrate from the glomerulus; the ___________________ _ ___________________ _ __________, which reabsorbs most materials; the __________ of __________ , which reabsorbs water and salt, making the urine more dilute; and the __________ ____________ __________, which accomplishes most acid-base and electrolyte balancing.
12. The ___________________ _ ___________________ _ accept the reabsorbed substances and return them to the general circulation.
13. The 3 urine formation processes are:
___________________ _, the formation of the fluid by the glomerulus;
___________________ _, the return of needed substances to the blood; and
___________________ _, the active removal of wastes from the blood (into the tubules).
14. The three nitrogenous wastes that are concentrated in the urine are:
___________________ _
___________________ _
___________________ _
15. The ___________________ _ drain urine from the kidney into the ___________________ _, where it is stored until it drains from the body through the ___________________ _, in an action called_____________ _______, which requires relaxation of both the internal and external
___________________ _ ___________________ _.
16. The ____________ _______________ ______________ is smooth muscle, so it is under __________ control; the _______________ _____________ ______________ is skeletal muscle, so it is under _____________ control.
17. Body fluids are either ___________________ _ _____________( inside of cells), or
___________________ _ __________(outside of cells). The main two types of this second fluid are: ___________________ _ __________, which surrounds your cells, and __________ __________ in the circulation.
18. Changes in ___________________ _ balance causes water to move from one compartment to another. To maintain water balance, a ___________________ _ urine is produced if water intake is excessive. Regulation of water and electrolyte reabsorption is primarily by _______________ secreted by the endocrine system, such as ________________ _______________ and __________________.
19. _________________ is responsible for urine’s yellow color; it is a breakdown product of __________ destruction.
20. Composition of blood depends mainly on _________, cellular _____________, and ___________________ ___.