What is the relationship between pressure and volume known as?

1.  a.  what is the relationship between pressure and volume known as?  Boyle’s Law.
     b.  Indicate the relationship (with arrows) below:
    1.  Increased volume causes ? pressure.
   2.  Decreased volume causes ? pressure.

2.  Mark “I” for the muscles that control inspiration and “E” for muscles controlling forceful expiration:

   a.  I   Diaphragm
   b.  E   Internal intercostals
   c.  E   External oblique and rectus abdominus
   d.  I   External intercostals

3.  Intrapulmonary pressure ?  during inspiration.

4.  a.  What pressure is always negative and helps to keep the lungs inflated?  Intrapleural
     b.  It is most negative during inspiration

5.  a.  If transpulmonary pressure equals zero, what will happen to the lungs?  The lungs will collapse
     b.  This is known as:  Pneumothorax

6.  a.  When the bronchiole constricts, what will happen to resistance?  ?
     b.  To airflow?  ?

7.  Name two other important factors which play roles in ventilation.
   a.  airway resistance
   b.  lung compliance

8.  Histamine will constrict bronchioles and increase resistance and decrease airflow.

9.  Epinephrine will dilate bronchioles and decrease resistance, which increase airflow.

10  Acetylcholine will constrict bronchioles and increase resistance, which will decrease airflow.

11.  Fibrosis will decrease compliance making it more difficult to inflate the lungs.