The Vice President for Human Relations at Widget Manufacturing Co wanted to see whether a flex-time program would improve worker morale. He randomly assigned employees to two groups.
He measured each group's job satisfaction; then he gave one group flexible working hours. The other group remained on fixed working hours. After six months, he again measured the degree of job satisfaction for both groups. During the six-month period, the Board of Directors granted all workers a six percent raise to quiet complaints. During his analysis, he found that all of the experimental-group subjects happened to be office employees and all of the control-group people were factory employees. In addition, a high turnover rate meant that only half of the factory workers who began the experiment were still with the firm six months later. He found that the experimental group had higher satisfaction. Which of the following threats to internal validity DID NOT occur during the experiment?
A) history effect
B) selection bias
C) mortality
D) statistical regression
E) all of the above
The principle of voluntary consent in social research means
A) a professor who hands out a questionnaire to students should inform students that their participation is voluntary and that they can refuse to participate without penalty.
B) many research findings actually have limited generalizability to those subjects/respondents who agree to participate in research.
C) this norm is violated in covert field research.
D) a researcher using deception should tell subjects that they can leave at any time.
E) all of the above
What is the problem with this measure of college-student age?
Please indicate your age:
(i) 17 to 18 years old
(ii) 19 to 20 years old
(iii) 21 to 22 years old
A) Its attributes are mutually exclusive.
B) Its attributes are not exhaustive.
C) Its attributes are at a nominal level of measurement.
D) Its attributes are double-barreled.
E) There is nothing wrong with it.
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