According to your text there are three conditions for making justified claims of cause and effect. Which of the following is NOT one of these conditions?
a. the independent and dependent variables must be related
b. the dependent variable must be manipulated by the researcher
c. the independent variable must precede the dependent variable
d. no other plausible explanations for the relation between the independent and dependent variables should exist
What challenge(s) does a researcher face in doing existing statistics research?
A) paying for the data, which can be quite expensive
B) being creative in thinking about how to turn the data into variables that can answer research questions
C) locating subjects
D) None of the above
Afiya wanted to assess the reliability of students' observations of children's aggressive behavior so she had two students observe 100 behaviors displayed by each of 50 children while engaged in play.
After viewing each behavior the students recorded the behavior as being aggressive or nonaggresive. Afiya then computed the percentage of times the two students agreed on their assessment of each behavior. Afiya used what method of assessing reliability?
a. interobserver agreement
b. Cronbach's alpha
c. internal consistency reliability
d. test-retest reliability
Content analysis is useful for
A) topics studied at a distance.
B) anyone who wants to learn about research.
C) only social scientists.
D) small, intricate details.
A(n) ___________ variable specifies how a causal relationship between two variables is different depending on a particular situation or circumstance.
For example, if a researcher finds that a new experimental drug is effective in alleviating depression in young adult but not older adults.
a. mediating
b. moderating
c. extraneous
d. independent
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