The concept of economies of scale relates to product specialization because
a. comparative advantage means exports produce profits.
b. increased exports of the same product produce cost efficiencies.
c. protectionist policies allow infant industries to become established.
d. of the Portugal/England model involving wine and cloth exports.
e. the basic-needs approach to development depends on the existence of both.
In analyzing the Grameen Bank's success, the three perspectives agree that microcredit strategies are successful because they
a. avoid the inherently unequal state and international economic systems.
b. are built on the local decision-making of poor people.
c. apply collective-responsibility methods by organizing local committees.
d. ensure that the people who do the work receive the benefits.
e. All of the above are correct.
AParticipatory-development and dependency advocates agree that
a. production for export should be avoided.
b. economic growth strategies do not help local people.
c. projects should deal with providing life's basics.
d. overpopulation and mistaken policies create the major problems.
e. free trade should be a goal.
Both liberal economics and dependency perspectives can be used to criticize microcredit as a way out of global poverty in that
a. developed-world domination of international trade patterns have not been affected.
b. it has not proven effective on a macro level.
c. countrywide markets have not been affected.
d. external funding provides over half the money loaned to the poor.
e. it has not yet proven to be self-sustaining.
The Union of Banana Exporting Countries' experience illustrated the
a. power of developing states when they form international organizations.
b. dependency perspective's irrelevancy.
c. attempt by primary-commodity producers to get higher prices.
d. effectiveness of the New International Economic Order.
e. applicability of trade issues for participatory-development advocates.
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