What is an important difference identified by Schelling between brute force and the power to hurt?
a. The power to hurt can only be used under restricted circumstances; brute force can be used under any circumstances.
b. Brute force needs to be used in order to be successful; the power to hurt is most successful when not used.
c. Brute force is only an option for a strong state; the power to hurt is an option for any state.
d. Brute force is more effective than the power to hurt.
e. There are no important differences between the twoonly differences of degree.
In Art's view, what does identifying the motives for a state's action also necessarily entail?
a. making a judgment about the legitimacy of these actions
b. determining whether the state's actions were for deterrent or compellent purposes
c. examining the statements of those ordering the actions
d. understanding the motives of the leaders of the state
e. deducing motives from actions
According to Schelling, the difference between brute force and coercion is the same as the difference between
a. losing what someone can forcibly take and giving it up to avoid risk or damage.
b. submission and blackmail.
c. asking for what you want and requesting that someone give it to you.
d. being assaulted and making someone afraid to assault you.
e. offense and compellence.
Based on Art's uses of the terms, it is most difficult to distinguish between which uses of military force?
a. compellent actions from deterrent actions
b. defensive actions from compellent actions
c. swaggering actions from defensive actions
d. defensive actions from deterrent actions
e. compellent actions from swaggering actions
Why is effective compellence easier to demonstrate than effective deterrence?
a. Compellence is easier to achieve than deterrence.
b. A change in the behavior of an enemy is easier to achieve with a deterrence threat.
c. States tend to respond more readily to compellence threats than to deterrence threats.
d. Explaining why something happened is easier than explaining why it did not.
e. Compellence threats are easier to understand than deterrence threats.
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