Assaying bacterial isolates for resistance genes by molecular methods:
a. can detect unknown resistance genes not yet defined.
b. cannot detect phenotypic resistance due to a combination of mechanisms.
c. means the resistance gene is expressed if found to be present.
d. is currently part of the routine clinical mi-crobiology workflow for all isolates.
A staphylococcal isolate that gives a negative result using the Cefinase disk and tests resistant to penicillin by disk diffusion means that:
a. the isolate may contain the mecA gene.
b. the bacteria produce the lactamase en-zyme.
c. the isolate is also resistant to ampicillin, carbenicillin, ticarcillin, and imipenem.
d. the isolate is also resistant to oxacillin, cefoxitin, and ticarcillin-clavulanate.
For clinical decision-making carbapenemase production should be detected using:
a. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry.
b. Modified Hodge test or Carba NP test.
c. molecular methods for specific carbape-nemases.
d. routine AST methods using current CLSI interpretive criteria.
Neutralizing antibodies are those that function by:
a. attaching to the surface of pathogens and contributing to their destruction by the lytic action of complement.
b. binding to and blocking surface receptors for host cells.
c. attaching to the surface of pathogens and making the pathogens more amenable to ingestion by phagocytic cells.
d. attaching to the surface of pathogens and contributing to their destruction by che-motaxis.
To be sterilized in an autoclave, media or instruments should be:
a. packed tightly to avoid dangerous pres-sure pockets.
b. processed for 15 minutes at 121C and 15 psi pressure.
c. processed for 30 to 60 minutes at 132C and 15 psi pressure.
d. processed for at least 1 hour at 121C and 15 psi pressure.
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