For a chemical bond to form:
A. the process must be exothermic, releasing energy upon bond formation.
B. the total energy of the system must be higher in the bonded state than in the nonbonded state.
C. one of the atoms must be more electronegative than the other.
D. the process must consume more energy than it takes to break the bond.
E. the temperature of the system must be low, slowing the molecular motion of the atoms.
Which of the following is true about the geometry of a chemical bond?
A. Single bonds permit free rotation around the bond resulting in more geometric possibilities.
B. Double bonds share two pairs of electrons giving rise to even greater variability.
C. Planar bonds have no rotation and therefore give rise to greater geometric possibilities.
D. The degree of rotation around a bond determines whether the bond will be single or double.
E. The two single bonds of an oxygen atom form a tetrahedron.
Resonance:
A. is an aspect of valence bond theory that describes the multiple structures that can be adopted by a single bond.
B. occurs in molecules that contain single and double bonds next to each other and, as a result, can exist as an average of multiple structures.
C. explains why double bonds are planar.
D. is an aspect of valence bond theory that describes the multiple structures that can be adopted by a double bond.
E. occurs in peptide bonds but not in nucleic acids.
The maximum number of bonds that can be formed by an atom:
A. is dependent on the valence of that atom.
B. is dependent on the number of unpaired electrons in its outer shell.
C. can be made up of a combination of single and double bonds.
D. is atom specific; for example, carbon can form four bonds, whereas oxygen forms two.
E. All of these choices are correct.
Which of the following is true about the chemical bonds found in proteins and nucleic acids?
A. Covalent bonds result when an electron is completely transferred to another atom such that the atoms are drawn together by electrostatic charges.
B. Ionic bonds result when two atoms share electrons equally.
C. Atoms having a small difference between their electronegativities are more likely to form covalent bonds.
D. Ionic bonds are most likely to form between two metal atoms.
E. The strength of a covalent bond can vary with the salt concentration of the environment.
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