_____ is to the experiment what random sampling is to the survey.
a. Stratified sampling c. Haphazard sampling
b. Random assignment d. Haphazard assignment
When one analyzes data based on a sample, one calculates a _________.
a. parameter c. constant
b. variable d. statistic
The best way to protect the validity of an experiment is through the use of _____.
a. nominal scaling of variables c. random assignment
b. random sampling d. representative sampling
In the equation Y = bX + a, b is a(n) _________.
a. independent variable
b. dependent variable
c. constant
d. coefficient
e. constant and coefficient
Why is a random sample necessary when conducting a true experiment?
a. Without it, internal validity and external validity are compromised.
b. Without it the experiment can be internally valid, but will not have external validity.
c. Without it, the reliability and validity of the experiment are compromised.
d. It is not necessary to have a random sample when conducting an experiment.
Descriptive statistics are used to _________.
a. calculate the mean and standard deviation of a sample
b. calculate the mean and standard deviation of a population
c. graph a distribution of raw scores
d. all of these
When using random digit dialing as a sampling technique, it is desirable to remove _____ numbers first.
a. unlisted c. business
b. residential d. a and c
Inferential statistics _________.
a. is the same as descriptive statistics
b. also uses methods of descriptive statistics
c. allows one to make inferences about a sample based on population data
d. allows one to make inferences about a population based on sample data
e. also uses methods of descriptive statistics and allows one to make inferences about a population based on sample data
Sometimes researchers use _____ rather than individuals as the unit of sampling to obtain a random sample from a population. This technique is especially useful if the population contains some very mobile individuals.
a. residential unit c. last known address
b. birth address d. eighth grade address
In order to estimate the ratio of white to black students in his college, a professor determines the proportion of whites and blacks in his class. The students of the entire college are called a _________.
a. sample c. statistic
b. population d. parameter
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