According to Freud, what causes a child to become fixated in a stage of development?
a. insufficient gratification c. conflicts in gratification
b. excessive gratification d. all of these
Dr. Sekaquaptua conducted an experiment on the effects of alcohol consumption on helping behavior. To make certain that participants in her sober and intoxicated conditions were, in fact, sober and intoxicated, she measured her participants' blood alcohol levels using a breathalyzer. This assessment of blood alcohol levels was a:
A) dependent measure
B) secondary dependent measure
C) manipulation check
D) pilot assessment
According to Freud, during the first year of life, children are in the ____ stage of development.
a. oral c. anal
b. fixated d. latency
If you were interested in identifying the precise psychological mechanisms behind a well-documented phenomenon (e.g., the connection between heat and aggression), you would probably be better off conducting:
A) a laboratory experiment
B) a field experiment
C) a non-experimental laboratory study
D) a passive observational study
Freud called his theory of child development:
a. psychosocial. c. psychosexual.
b. epigenetic. d. emergent.
Reifman, Larrick, and Fein's (1991) research on temperature and aggression among baseball pitchers is an example of:
A) archival research
B) observational research
C) unobtrusive observational research
D) survey or interview research
The superego:
a. is innate and transmitted to the child genetically.
b. develops to help the child find rational ways of satisfying urges.
c. represents the moral standards and values of parents.
d. is present at birth.
In which of the following ways is noise different than confounds?
A) Noise is distributed evenly across experimental conditions.
B) Noise influences the independent variable.
C) Noise and confounds can never appear in the same experiment.
D) It is important to reduce confounds but not noise.
According to Freud, the psychic structure called ego:
a. curbs the appetites of the id and keeps within social conventions.
b. is driven by the quest for pleasure.
c. is our moral base that forces us to follow rules.
d. is biologically based and present at birth.
Designing a laboratory study that is high in _______ will usually require the use of at least some amount of deception.
A) mundane realism
B) experimental realism
C) objective realism
D) subjective realism
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