Individuals born at about the same time are said to be from the same _____.
a. Latin square
b. cohort
c. sequence
d. cross-section
A type of developmental design in which subjects of different ages are studied at the same time is a _____ design.
a. longitudinal
b. sequential
c. cross-sectional
d. counterbalanced
_____ designs are to studying individuals of different ages at the same time as _____ designs are to studying the same people over a period of time.
a. Sequential; cross-sectional
b. Longitudinal; sequential
c. Longitudinal; cross-sectional
d. Cross-sectional; longitudinal
_____ designs help to control for cohort effects.
a. Cross-sectional
b. Longitudinal
c. Sequential
d. Both longitudinal and sequential
_____ is a strength of matched-subjects designs but a weakness of between-subjects designs.
a. Equivalency of groups
b. Minimized testing effects
c. Minimized demand characteristics
d. All of the other alternatives are strengths
Concerns for within-subjects designs frequently include _____ and _____.
a. order effects; nonequivalent control groups
b. carryover effects; mortality
c. carryover effects; order effects
d. order effects; mortality
Which of the following is a type of correlated-groups designs?
a. within-subjects designs
b. matched-subjects designs
c. between-subjects designs
d. both matched- and within-subjects designs
When we use different subjects in each condition, but they are related on some variable or variables, we are using a _____ design.
a. matched-subjects
b. between-subjects
c. within-subjects
d. across-subjects
A mechanism for controlling order effects ether by including all orders or treatment presentations or by randomly determining the order for each subjects is:
a. ordering.
b. counterbalancing
c. a Latin square
d. counterbalancing and a Latin square
A problem for within-subjects designs in which the order of the conditions has an effect on the dependent variable is:
a. counterbalancing.
b. order effects.
c. a Latin square effect.
d. the individuals differences effect.
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