When the means for a two-factor study are displayed in a graph and the lines in the graph are perfectly parallel, what can you conclude about the main effects and interaction?
a. There is no main effect for either of the two factors.
b. There is a main effect for both of the two factors.
c. There is no interaction between factors.
d. There are no main effects and no interaction between factors.
In _______________, participants in the comparison group know what the program group is getting and, instead of developing a rivalry, the group members become discouraged or angry and give up.
Fill in the blank(s) with correct word
The primary reason why within subjects designs are preferred over between subjects designs is that
a. fewer participants are required.
b. there are no treatment order effects.
c. error variability is reduced.
d. the participants are less likely to figure out the purpose of the experiment.
In a factorial design, an interaction between the factors occurs whenever ____.
a. the mean differences between the cells are not explained by the main effects
b. the mean differences between the cells are explained by the main effects
c. there are differences between the overall column means
d. there are differences between the overall row means
_______________ is the only social interaction threat that primarily involves the people who help manage the research context rather than the participants themselves.
Fill in the blank(s) with correct word
For which of the following situations would a within subjects design be the more appropriate design?
a. we want to know whether training rats to learn one maze will aid learning a second, different maze
b. we want to know whether rats prefer a solution sweetened with sugar more than a solution sweetened with saccharin
c. we want to know whether a particular brain lesion will affect a rat's preference for a sweet solution
d. we want to know whether ingesting alcohol will increase rats' preference for an alcoholic drink over a non alcoholic drink
In a two-factor experiment with two levels of factor A and 2 levels of factor B, three of the treatment means are essentially identical and one is substantially different from the others. What result(s) would be produced by this pattern of treatment means?
a. a main effect for factor A only
b. a main effect for factor B only
c. an interaction between A and B
d. main effects for both A and B, and an interaction
_______________ or imitation of treatment occurs when a comparison group learns about the program either directly or indirectly from program group participants.
Fill in the blank(s) with correct word
Which of the following is an advantage of using a between-subjects design?
a. the variability due to participants can be estimated statistically
b. there can be no treatment order effects
c. a small number of participants is required
d. participants serve as their own controls
The following data represent the means for each treatment condition in a two-factor experiment. What pattern of results is shown in the data? A1 A2 B1 M = 20 M = 20 B2 M = 30 M = 50
a. main effects for both factors and an interaction
b. main effects for both factors and no interaction
c. a main effect for factor A, no main effect for factor B, and no interaction
d. a main effect for factor A and an interaction but no main effect for factor B
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