The second demographic transition refers to

The second demographic transition refers to
 
  a. increase in fertility levels due to increased food supplies and improved sanitation.
 b. decrease in population growth due to higher mortality levels, such as from AIDS/HIV.
 c. increase in population growth due to immigration from undeveloped to developed countries.
 d. fall of fertility levels to below the two-child replacement level.

---

According to demographic transition theory, fertility rates decline in industrialized societies due to
 
  a. the increased economic value of children.
 b. the increased survival rates of infants and children.
 c. parasites and infectious disease due to unsafe water supplies.
 d. increased infertility of females due to pollution.