An immediate effect of PTH is to:
a. promote movement of calcium from bone fluid to plasma
b. stimulate osteoblasts
c. stimulate osteoclasts
d. decrease Vitamin D function
e. promote ossification
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Question 2) Which hormone uses a bone bank to maintain the plasma calcium level?
a. calcitonin
b. GH
c. thyroxine
d. PTH
e. ACTH
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Question 3) Which of the following is not true concerning the control of calcium metabolism?
a. PTH (parathyroid hormone) causes an increase in plasma calcium by activation of osteoclasts.
b. PTH increases renal reabsorption of calcium.
c. vitamin D causes an increase in secretion of Ca2+ into the lumen of the digestive tract.
d. calcitonin causes a decrease in plasma calcium by decreasing Ca2+ movement from the bone fluid into the plasma and by suppressing bone resorption.
e. when plasma calcium increases, PTH decreases and calcitonin increases.
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Question 4) Calcium is very important to the normal functioning of the body, so it is very important that the plasma Ca2+ concentration be well regulated. In which of the following ways does calcium play an important role?
a. calcium plays an important role in the absorption of Vitamin D from the digestive tract.
b. calcium is important for maintaining the proper excitability of nerves and muscles.
c. calcium stimulates osteoblasts to lay down bone.
d. both (a) and (b) above.
e. all of these answers.
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Question 5) In which of the following forms does Ca2+ exhibit profound effects on such things as neuromuscular excitability?
a. free, unbound diffusible Ca2+
b. intracellular Ca2+
c. calcium phosphate crystals impregnated in the organic matrix of bone
d. calcium bound to plasma proteins
e. insoluble Ca2+ salts
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Question 6) Which hormone influences increased protein degradation?
a. insulin.
b. glucagon.
c. epinephrine.
d. cortisol.
e. growth hormone.
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Question 7) A forerunner to Type II diabetes is:
a. Syndrome X
b. Conn's syndrome
c. Cretinism
d. Addison's syndrome
e. goiter
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Question 8) Which of the following characterizes Type I but not Type II diabetes mellitus?
a. hyperglycemia.
b. lack of insulin.
c. polyuria and polydipsia.
d. can usually be successfully managed by dietary control and weight reduction without the necessity of insulin injections.
e. hypoglycemia.
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Question 9) Untreated diabetes
a. may result in ketoacidosis.
b. dehydration.
c. inactivation of gluconeogenesis.
d. both (a) and (b) above.
e. both (b) and (c) above.
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Question 10) Which of the following is a treatment for Type I but not Type II diabetes mellitus?
a. diet control
b. weight control
c. oral medications to lower blood glucose
d. insulin therapy
e. all of the above work on both conditions
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