What ion is necessary for the release of neurotransmitter from synaptic vesicles?
A. chloride
B. sodium
C. potassium
D. calcium
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Question 2) A decrease in the number of voltage-gated Ca2+ ion channels in the presynaptic terminal would
A. enhance transmission across the synapse.
B. reduce or inhibit transmission across the synapse.
C. have no effect on transmission across the synapse.
D. alter receptors on the postsynaptic membrane.
E. increase exocytosis.
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Question 3) A person who has seizures might have a deficit of which of the following?
A. GABA
B. dopamine
C. glutamate
D. serotonin
E. histamine
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Question 4) A neuromodulator
A. acts as a neurotransmitter.
B. inactivates neurotransmitters.
C. is a receptor site for a neurotransmitter.
D. has no influence on the amount of neurotransmitter released.
E. is a substance released from neurons that influences the sensitivity of neurons to neurotransmitters.
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Question 5) When a neurotransmitter binds to its receptor and increases the permeability of the postsynaptic membrane to sodium ions,
A. the membrane will be hyperpolarized.
B. more chloride ions will also diffuse into the cell.
C. an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) will result.
D. the membrane will become impermeable to potassium ions.
E. the sodium ions diffuse out of the cell.
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Question 6) Action potentials at a chemical synapse
A. travel from presynaptic terminal to postsynaptic membrane.
B. travel from postsynaptic membrane to presynaptic terminal.
C. travel back and forth from presynaptic terminal to postsynaptic membrane.
D. travel from presynaptic terminal to presynaptic membrane.
E. stop at the presynaptic terminal and are regenerated on the postsynaptic membrane.
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Question 7) The function of acetylcholinesterase is to
A. open voltage-gated sodium gates.
B. breakdown acetylcholine in the synapse.
C. produce an IPSP on the postsynaptic membrane.
D. metabolize norepinephrine.
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Question 8) The same neurotransmitter binds to a postsynaptic cell but produces a variety of different effects. What does this mean?
A.
The postsynaptic cell is expressing different types of receptors for the same neurotransmitter.
B.
The strength of the neurotransmitter varies.
C.
The amount of neurotransmitter released produces varying effects.
D.
The size of the postsynaptic cell makes a difference in neurotransmitter effects.
E.
The neuron must be dying.
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Question 9) Neurotransmitter is being released at a synapse. Which of the following occurs last?
A. Calcium ions enter the presynaptic terminal.
B. Synaptic vesicles release neurotransmitter by exocytosis.
C. An action potential is produced in the postsynaptic membrane.
D. Neurotransmitter flows rapidly across the synaptic cleft.
E. Neurotransmitter binds with the receptor on the postsynaptic membrane.
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Question 10) Rapid removal or destruction of neurotransmitter in the synaptic cleft
A. may affect the ability of the postsynaptic membrane to generate action potentials.
B. generates local potentials in the presynaptic terminal.
C. is necessary for synaptic transmission.
D. may lead to action potentials.
E. may stop exocytosis.
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