Which are hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary?
A. vasopressin and dopamine
B. corticotropin and dopamine
C. oxytocin and prolactin
D. vasopressin and corticotropin
E. antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin
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Question 2) Short-loop negative feedback occurs when hormones from the ______________ inhibit hormone secretion by the ______________.
A. hypothalamus; anterior pituitary
B. adrenal cortex; hypothalamus
C. anterior pituitary; hypothalamus
D. adrenal cortex; anterior pituitary
E. anterior pituitary; adrenal cortex
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Question 3) Which is part of the endocrine reponse to stress?
A. increased secretion of corticotropin from the anterior pituitary
B. increased secretion of corticotropin from the hypothalamus
C. increased secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from the hypothalamus
D. negative feedback to the adrenal cortex by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
E. decreased secretion of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) by the hypothalamus
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Question 4) Which would be the effect of a blood clot that blocked the vessels of the hypothalamo-pituitary portal system in the infundibulum between the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary gland?
A. secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) would decrease and the adrenal cortex would atrophy
B. secretion of gonadotropins will decrease and the gonads will hypertrophy
C. secretion of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) would decrease
D. secretion of prolactin would decrease
E. secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) would increase
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Question 5) Which is a function of the gonadotropic hormones?
A. stimulating the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)
B. inhibiting the release of growth hormone
C. inhibiting the release of prolactin
D. inducing the secretion of steroid hormones by the gonads in both males and females
E. stimulating the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
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Question 6) Which is a result of consuming a diet deficient in iodine?
A. low plasma concentration of thyroid hormones due to reduced secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) by the pituitary gland
B. low plasma concentration of thyroid hormones and an enlarged thyroid gland
C. high plasma concentration of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) due to a deficiency of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
D. high plasma concentration of thyroid hormones due to increased secretion of TSH by the pituitary gland
E. low plasma concentration of thyroid hormones and atrophy of the thyroid gland due to reduced concentrations of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
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Question 7) Which of these could be a cause of hypertrophy of the adrenal cortex?
A. autoimmune destruction of receptors for adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
B. autoimmune destruction of hypothalamic cells that secrete corticotropin-releasing hormone
C. injection of an excess of cortisol
D. destruction of the anterior pituitary by a stroke
E. excessively rapid clearance of cortisol from the circulation
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Question 8) If the adrenal glands were removed from a patient, his plasma cortisol levels would ________, secretion of CRH by the __________________ would __________________, and secretion of ACTH by the ______________ would _____________.
A. increase; hypothalamus; decrease; anterior pituitary gland; decrease
B. decrease; hypothalamus; increase; adenohypophysis; increase
C. decrease; anterior pituitary gland; increase; hypothalamus; increase
D. increase; hypothalamus; increase; adenohypophysis; increase
E. decrease; adenohypophysis; increase; anterior pituitary gland; increase
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Question 9) Which is an accurate description of the posterior pituitary and its functions?
A. It is glandular tissue and secretes vasopressin and prolactin.
B. It is neural tissue and is stimulated to secrete oxytocin and vasopressin by hypophysiotropic hormones.
C. It is neural tissue, and vesicles containing oxytocin and vasopressin are transported to axon terminals there.
D. It is glandular tissue and releases oxytocin and somatostatin when action potentials arrive along axons from the hypothalamus.
E. It is neural tissue that secretes hypophysiotropic hormones that control the secretion of the anterior pituitary hormones.
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Question 10) Which is an example of long-loop negative feedback?
A. stimulation of dopamine release by prolactin
B. inhibition of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) release by growth hormone (GH)
C. inhibition of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) release by insulin-like growth factor-1
D. inhibition of corticotropin-releasing hormone by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
E. stimulation of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) release by thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
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