When a chemical messenger helps initiate an inflammatory response by causing cellular changes in neighboring cells, it is demonstrating ___________ signaling.
A. autocrine
B. paracrine
C. allomone
D. pheromone
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Question 2) Modified amino acids that act as hormones are referred to as ________ amines.
Fill in the blank with correct word.
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Question 3) Aldosterone release can be triggered by the presence of the blood-borne messenger angiotensin II or by low levels of sodium, and so its secretion regulation is said to be
A. purely neural.
B. both hormonal and humoral.
C. both antagonistic and synergistic.
D. both neural and synergistic.
E. purely hormonal.
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Question 4) Although hormones influence activity in the neural and reproductive systems, they do not influence the digestive system.
Indicate whether this statement is true or false.
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Question 5) Each of the body's blood-borne hormones comes from the major endocrine glands, namely, the pineal, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, or adrenal glands.
Indicate whether this statement is true or false.
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Question 6) Parathyroid hormone release depends on blood levels of calcium. Such an endocrine reflex is said to be initiated by
A. hormonal stimulation.
B. humoral stimulation.
C. neural stimulation.
D. positive feedback stimulation.
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Question 7) Among their many functions, hormones regulate blood volume, cellular concentration, and number of platelets.
Indicate whether this statement is true or false.
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Question 8) The hormones and neurotransmitters released by the endocrine and nervous systems are chemical substances referred to as _________.
Fill in the blank with correct word.
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Question 9) The liver contains endocrine cells.
Indicate whether this statement is true or false.
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Question 10) Which is not characteristic of the endocrine system?
A. Effects: causes metabolic activity changes in target cells
B. Response time: slow reaction time = seconds to hours
C. Duration of response: long-lasting = minutes to weeks
D. Recovery time: rapid, immediate return to prestimulation level
E. Communication method: hormones in the bloodstream
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