Which of the following mechanisms explains the impaired renal function seen in patients receiv-ing ventilatory support with positive pressure?
1. Decreased secretion of aldosterone
2. Decreased intravascular volume
3. Increased secretion of vasopressin
a. 1 only
b. 2 only
c. 1 and 3 only
d. 1, 2, and 3
Q. 2 What is traumatic injury to lung tissue caused by excessive pressure called?
a. Pulmonary barotrauma
b. Pulmonary hemorrhage
c. Pulmonary infarction
d. Pulmonary embolism
Q. 3 Which of the following gastrointestinal conditions are commonly associated with long-term posi-tive-pressure ventilation (PPV)? 1. Bleeding 2. Ulceration 3. Diarrhea
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 2 and 3 only
c. 1 and 3 only
d. 1, 2, and 3
Q. 4 Which of the following mechanisms explains the hepatic dysfunction in patients receiving posi-tive-pressure ventilation (PPV)?
a. Decreased hepatic blood flow
b. Increased portal venous pressure
c. Hepatic congestion
d. Increased bilirubin conjugation
Q. 5 Which of the following is the best explanation for the decreased levels of atrial natriuretic hor-mone commonly observed among patients receiving positive-pressure ventilation?
a. Stimulation of the pulmonary stretch re-ceptors
b. Inhibition of posterior pituitary function
c. Inhibition of the cortex of the adrenal gland
d. Decreased right atrial transmural pressure
Q. 6 Positive-pressure ventilation (PPV) can reduce urinary output by how much?
a. 10 to 20
b. 30 to 50
c. 60 to 70
d. 80 to 90
Q. 7 A patient receiving long-term positive-pressure ventilation support exhibits a progressive weight gain and a reduction in the hematocrit. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this problem?
a. Pulmonary hemorrhage
b. Water retention
c. Hypovolemia
d. Hyponatremia
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