According to the discussion of the premenstrual syndrome, this problem
a. is strongest in the first few days after menstrual flow has begun.
b. may involve depression and irritability.
c. can be completely avoided by the proper diet.
d. is an important issue for between 75 and 95 of North American women.
Question 2Which of the following young women best summarizes the information on menstrual pain and PMS?
a. Lizzie: Pain, PMS, it's all just part of what women have to live with every month..
b. Maria: Although few women experience menstrual pain, most women experience some symptoms of PMS..
c. Nadja: Most women experience some menstrual pain, but estimates of the extent of PMS are more controversial..
d. Olivia: The research finds support for cyclical variation in mood swings, but finds no support for the existence of menstrual pain..
Question 3According to the discussion of menstrual pain, there is a correlation between a woman's anxiety level and the degree of menstrual pain. Based on this statement, we can conclude that
a. women who are anxious produce more prostaglandins, which directly produce more pain.
b. women who are anxious are likely to focus more on their painful cramps, which encourages them to report more pain.
c. women who experience menstrual pain are likely to be worried about the pain, so that they become more anxious.
d. women who are above-average in anxiety are also likely to be above-average in menstrual pain.
Question 4Your textbook notes that there is a correlation between a woman's tendency to be anxious and the amount of menstrual pain that she reports. What conclusion should you draw from this information?
a. Women who are anxious are more likely to exaggerate the amount of menstrual pain that they experience, in comparison to women who are low in anxiety.
b. Women who experience a high level of menstrual pain are likely to become more anxious than other women.
c. There must be some other variable that can explain this relationship, rather than a direct correlation between anxiety and menstrual pain.
d. Women who are low in anxiety are likely to experience a low amount of menstrual pain.
Question 5According to Chapter 4, menstrual pain
a. is largely psychological in origin.
b. is not significantly influenced by psychological factors.
c. is related to elevated prostaglandin levels.
d. is especially severe in women as they approach menopause.
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