Digestion of foods includes the mechanical actions of:
a. chewing to allow some nutrients to be absorbed into the body through the tongue.
b. peristalsis waves to move the foods down through the digestive tract.
c. the stomach to gently release foods into the small intestine.
d. the small intestine to absorb water and create the paste that forms feces.
e. the large intestine, which releases gas that facilitates fecal transport.
Q. 2What is the role of white blood cells in protecting the body from invading organisms?
a. Phagocytes release antibodies against the invaders into the bloodstream.
b. T-cells release a chemical trail for identification of invaders.
c. B-cells engulf and digest the foreign particles.
d. Killer T-cells seek out and destroy all foreign particles with the same identity.
e. Skin cells are a type of white blood cell that provide a physical, protective barrier.
Q. 3The _____ symbol on a supplement label means the product contains the ingredients listed and will dissolve in the digestive tract.
1.DRI
2.USP
3.ADA
4.DV
5.None of these choices
Q. 4During the fight-or-flight reaction to stress the nervous system reacts by:
a. temporarily shutting down metabolism.
b. slowing down breathing to conserve oxygen.
c. releasing stored glucose from the liver.
d. speeding up the work of the digestive system.
e. slowing the heart rate to conserve blood.
Q. 5A vitamin B12 deficiency caused by the lack of intrinsic factor is known as:
1.Osteomalacia
2.Pernicious anemia
3.Osteoporosis
4.Sickle cell anemia
5.Rickets
Q. 6A person can eat when hunger is absent because:
a. the hypothalamus monitors the availability of nutrients.
b. the conscious mind of the cortex can override body signals.
c. the digestive tract sends messages to the hypothalamus.
d. the stomach intensifies its contractions and creates hunger pangs.
e. the hypothalamus signals availability of food in the environment.
Q. 7Adequate intakes of this B-vitamin is most associated with the prevention of neural tube defects.
1.Niacin
2.Folate
3.Riboflavin
4.Thiamin
5.B12
Q. 8Nutrients delivered from the intestines into the circulatory system are:
a. transported to other organs where they are broken down further.
b. transported to the heart, which then delivers them to the individual cells in the body.
c. transported to the kidneys, which send them to the cells in the body.
d. transported through the lymph system to the heart for distribution.
e. transported through the blood to the liver for chemical alterations to make them better suited for use by the tissues.
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