Of the following etiologic factors for COPD, which is the most common?
a. smoking
b. alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency
c. recurring respiratory infections
d. exposure to occupational respiratory irritants
Q. 2Which of the following factors is not related to a client having COPD?
a. elevated carbon dioxide levels
b. decrease in gastric secretions
c. chronic, productive cough
d. muscle wasting
Q. 3Replicable research results have demonstrated that copper, selenium, and zinc have lowered infection rates in clients with what specific type of injury?
a. burns
b. blunt trauma
c. penetrating or open wounds
d. ulcers of lower extremities of diabetics
Q. 4Which of the following micronutrients is not known to enhance the immune system?
a. zinc
b. vitamin A
c. vitamin C
d. vitamin K
Q. 5During the early stages of stress, therapeutic nutrition is aimed at:
a. providing glucose for energy.
b. supplying protein for tissue repair.
c. correcting fluid and electrolyte imbalances.
d. administering fatty acids to maintain brain function.
Q. 6Long-term stress can result in:
a. increased fertility.
b. cerebral cell destruction.
c. increase in growth factor hormones.
d. suppressed immune system response.
Q. 7TPN solutions are hypertonic, which causes all of the following except:
a. fluid shift as a result of osmosis.
b. decreased circulating serum volume.
c. phlebitis of vessels with smaller diameters.
d. movement of fluids from intracellular and interstitial spaces into intravascular space.
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