During prolonged endurance exercise, why does the liver have difficulty maintaining blood glucose within the normal range?
A) Blood insulin concentration is decreased.
B) Conversion of fructose to glucose does not take place.
C) The central nervous system response is delayed.
D) The rate of gluconeogenesis is limited.
Q. 2An endurance athlete has been experiencing abdominal cramping and diarrhea and suspects that these symptoms are related to her pre-exercise meal. Which strategy should she try?
A) Include more semisolid or liquid foods.
B) Increase foods known to be constipating.
C) Eliminate food and fluid intake prior to exercise.
D) Increase the volume of food normally consumed.
Q. 3It is recommended that the pre-exercise meal generally contain a small amount of fats because fats ____.
A) supply needed vitamins
B) provide a feeling of satiety
C) increase gastric emptying
D) depress insulin secretion
Q. 4Much of the information about intake during exercise focuses on athletes in ____ sports because the risk for heat illness is high, hyponatremia can occur, and the need for fluid and carbohydrate is great.
A) strength
B) endurance
C) intermittent, high intensity
D) adolescent
Q. 5Too large a volume of food or fluid consumed too close to exercise can result in gastrointestinal distress because ____.
A) hormones related to nausea and vomiting are released
B) the autonomic nervous system is negatively affected
C) heart rate is reduced when the stomach is full
D) the onset of exercise increases the blood flow to muscles and decreases the blood flow to the gastrointestinal tract
Q. 6Which practitioners are trained to evaluate and plan athletes' diets?
A) certified strength and conditioning specialists (CSCS)
B) certified athletic trainers (ATC)
C) sports dietitians
D) nutritionists
Q. 7Once an energy (kcal) goal has been established, in what order should the other nutrients be considered?
A) carbohydrate, fat, protein
B) carbohydrate, protein, fat
C) protein, carbohydrate, fat
D) fat, carbohydrate, protein
Q. 8What does the term empty calories mean?
A) high in calories
B) devoid of calories
C) contains artificial sweeteners
D) lack of nutrients
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