A hands-on approach to training aviation mechanics has been shown to be more effective and less costly than the previous simulation training. The results are unlikely to be a function of chance. This study might be said to have
a. practical significance.
b. statistical significance
c. both practical and statistical significance.
d. None of these is true.
Ques. 2Achieving statistically significant results means that the results
a. are applicable to situations similar to that of the study.
b. are what was predicted by the hypothesis of the study.
c. are unlikely to be due to chance alone.
d. All of these are true.
Ques. 3Achieving statistically significant results means that the results
a. are applicable to situations similar to that of the study.
b. are what was predicted by the hypothesis of the study.
c. are unlikely to be due to chance alone.
d. All of these are true.
Ques. 4A researcher found a statistically significant one point difference in mean ACT scores between students who studied on their own and those who attended a professional test-taking seminar. The researcher can conclude that
a. the means for the groups are statistically different from each other.
b. the professional training seminar produces considerably better ACT scores.
c. professional training is necessary for better ACT scores.
d. None of these is true.
Ques. 5It is the responsibility of the researcher to
a. assume that the study is of utmost significance to the field and report the results to as many journals as possible.
b. project the interpretation of results beyond that of the study's limitations so that the reader understands the practical implications of the conclusions.
c. itemize all the reasons why the unexpected results might have occurred.
d. report any validity threats that might account for achieving the expected results.
e. All of these are true.
Ques. 6While conducting quantitative research, one should
a. note interesting variables and build them into the study so that the results reflect the entire situation.
b. pay attention to the influence the independent variables have on the dependent variable and change the dependent variable if it is not sensitive enough.
c. stick to the original plan regardless of any problems that arise.
d. None of these is true.
Ques. 7The preparation for data interpretation begins
a. after the data have been collected.
b. after the statistical analysis
c. before the data are collected.
d. during the data collection phase.
Ques. 8According to the text, once a quantitative experiment is put into motion
a. it must be run exactly as planned.
b. subjects should be shifted from one group to another whenever necessary to establish group equivalence.
c. independent variables that seem to be having little or no effect should be eliminated.
d. the research hypothesis should be reexamined.
Ques. 9Groups A and B were found to be significantly different on a test of spelling. Group A had been taught a new method of spelling, and Group B was the control group. Although random selection was not possible, subjects were randomly assigned to the two groups. Based on the significance of the study the research concludes that the new method will help children read quicker. The researcher
a. made an interpretation not based on the data.
b. needs to consider the limitation of sampling procedures.
c. needs to describe the characteristics of the two groups.
d. All of these are true.
Ques. 10Identify the threat to internal validity in each of the following:
a. Some researchers who were given rats to train were told incorrectly that the rats had been bred for intelligence; other researchers were told that their rats were especially dull. The experimenters who had the smart rats reported faster learning than did the experimenters with the dull rats.
b. After the first exam, a professor divided his statistics class into high performers and low performers. The low performers were invited to attend special tutoring sessions where the professor not only reviewed lecture material but also discussed how to take notes and how to study for a statistics test. On the second test, the professor found that the students who received the tutoring improved considerably. The professor concluded that the tutoring sessions were effective in improving the test performance of those students.
c. A researcher divided people attending a weight control clinic into two groups. Both groups were given the same diet to follow, but the experimental group was also asked to keep a record of everything they ate, to weigh all the food in grams, and to count the calories. At the end of the study, the researcher found that the experimental group had lost more weight. The researcher concluded that the experimental treatment was more effective than diet alone.
Ques. 11How does replication of experiments contribute to external validity?
What will be an ideal response?
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