When a stray dog wanders into a classroom, all of the students stop their seatwork and watch the teacher try to coax the dog from the room. The students' attentiveness demonstrates the effect of _______ on attention.
a. novelty
b. proximity
c. size
d. personal significance
Ques. 2Which of the following children best illustrate the use of effortful control.
a. John loves dogs and can read books about dogs for hours.
b. Kate does not like to read and when her mother asks her to read, she watches her favorite TV show instead.
c. Beth does not like to read, but knows it is important, so she solely attends to reading for twenty minutes a day.
d. Natalie loves to read about dogs, but when she is assigned reading about cats, she takes her dog for a walk instead of completing the reading assignment.
Ques. 3Which one of the following most clearly illustrates the Gestalt principle of figure-ground?
a. Aaron is watching the teacher's face so intently that he doesn't notice what she is writing on the chalkboard.
b. Bart has difficulty seeing the difference between the letters b and d because the two letters are so similar in appearance.
c. Caryn is lost in her thoughts.
d. Darlene has difficulty judging the size of objects more than six meters away from her.
Ques. 4Considering current views regarding the capacity of working memory, which one of the following sets of information could be held entirely in working memory?
a. The names of 20 friends
b. The visual images of 20 friends
c. Two pages of narrative from a mystery novel
d. A list of five miscellaneous household objects
Ques. 5Each of the women below is engaging in two activities simultaneously. Considering contemporary views of attention, identify the woman who should have the greatest difficulty doing both things at once.
a. Amelia is thinking about what to cook for dinner while she combs her hair.
b. Brenda is watching the evening news on television while she studies for an exam.
c. As Camille walks down the street, she calls a friend on her cell phone to express anger about his inconsiderate behavior earlier in the day.
d. As she jogs around the track at the health club, Donna is trying to decide where to go on her vacation next month.
Ques. 6Which one of the following best illustrates the working aspect of working memory?
a. Efficiently using a pair of scissors
b. Confusing two people's names
c. Alphabetizing five names as you hold them in memory
d. Unconsciously adjusting your grip on a tennis racket in anticipation of executing a backhand swing
Ques. 7Susan is introduced to Jerry. She immediately smiles and says, Hello, Jerry. A minute later, she wants to introduce Jerry to her friend Mary, but she cannot remember his name. Based on this information, how far in Susan's memory system did Jerry's name get?
a. It reached the sensory register.
b. It reached working memory.
c. It reached long-term memory.
d. It never got into the memory system at all.
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