Students in a fourth-grade reading group are reading a passage about snakes. Their teacher asks, Who can think of a title for this passage that summarizes what the passage is about? After hearing several good suggestions, the teacher says, The author says that snakes are helpful to farmers. What evidence does she give to support her statement? If we consider Vygotsky's concept of internalization, we might predict that such a discussion will:
A) Be more beneficial for students who are working outside their zones of proximal development than for students working inside their ZPDs.
B) Help students develop effective reading comprehension strategies (e.g., summarizing, looking for supporting statements).
C) Help students develop a greater interest in learning for its own sake.
D) Be confusing and counterproductive for students who are not yet capable of abstract thought.
Ques. 2Which one of the following statements best describes Vygotsky's concept of internalization?
A) As children grow older, they develop an increasing ability to think about events in abstract rather than concrete terms.
B) With age, children acquire more sophisticated problem-solving skills, largely because their parents and teachers give them increasingly challenging problems to solve.
C) Over time, children acquire more self-confidence about their ability to deal with the world.
D) Through their social interactions with other people, children acquire new ways of mentally approaching and thinking about a task.
Ques. 3Which one of the following teachers is definitely keeping in mind Piaget's idea that assimilation and accommodation are both necessary for learning and cognitive development to occur?
A) Mr. Ames presents brand new topics every day, expecting the continual novelty to keep students interested and motivated.
B) Ms. Baretta makes sure that students have learned one topic very, very well before moving on to another.
C) Mr. Chang shows students how a new topic is similar to the things they already know, but also different in certain ways.
D) Ms. Doherty uses a lot of drill-and-practice exercises, encouraging students to work faster every time.
Ques. 4If you were interested in how a child's culture influences cognitive development, you would be most likely to consider ________ approach to cognitive development.
A) Vygotsky's
B) a neurological
C) information processing theory's
D) Piaget's
Ques. 5According to the textbook, which one of the following conclusions is most justified based on the research on brain development?
A) It is essential that children begin studying basic math and science before they reach the age of 7.
B) Classroom experiences can significantly enhance students' cognitive development throughout the elementary and secondary school years.
C) The ability to think abstractly depends on the development of many synaptic connections during the first five years of life.
D) Children probably won't acquire important motor skills (such as using a pencil or cutting with scissors) unless they begin developing those skills before or during the early elementary grades.
Ques. 6Which one of the following is false?
A) Students' behaviors affect their development.
B) Students alter their environment through their internal variables, such as their genes and traits.
C) Students often search for environments that are a good fit for their internal variables and behaviors.
D) Students' development proceeds more quickly when their behaviors precede their internal variables, such as genes and traits.
Ques. 7Which one of the following statements is true about learning and development?
A) Learning and development are synonyms.
B) Both learning and development are affected by one's experiences.
C) Learning is affected by genetics, but development is not.
D) Learning is affected by experience, but development is not.
Ques. 8Many mastery goal strategies can be summed up with the mnemonic TARGETS: Task, Autonomy, Recognition, Grouping, Evaluation, Time, and Social support. In seven paragraphs, describe seven strategiesone related to each of the TARGETS variablesyou might use to promote mastery goals in your own classroom. Illustrate each strategy with a specific, concrete example of what you might do.
What will be an ideal response?
Ques. 9Describe how students' anxiety level is likely to affect their classroom learning and performance, being sure to include the concepts of facilitating anxiety and debilitating anxiety in your discussion. Then describe three strategies you can use to keep students' anxiety at a productive level.
What will be an ideal response?
Ques. 10You are teaching your students how to do somethingperhaps how to solve a math problem, write a research paper, or execute a side dismount from the parallel barsand you find that your students have low self-efficacy for doing the task. a. Describe a specific task that you might eventually be teaching. b. Describe three strategies you might use to enhance your students' self-efficacy for performing the task. For each strategy, describe what you would do in specific and concrete terms.
What will be an ideal response?
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