Julie, a sixth grader, nearly always eats lunch with the same five or six girls. They usually spread out at the table in order to prevent other students from joining them. Sometimes they even plan together what they will wear to school the next day.
Julie's group is an example of:
a. A clique
b. A subculture
c. A norm group
d. A gang
Ques. 2Which one of the following statements is most accurate about the effects of peer groups and peer pressure?
a. Peer pressure is strongest in the primary grades, when children first enter school.
b. Peer pressure is strongest during the late high school years, as students approach graduation.
c. Peer groups may encourage either desirable qualities (e.g., honesty) or undesirable qualities (e.g., violence).
d. When a particular peer group discourages academic achievement, members of that group will always achieve lower class grades than they are capable of achieving.
Ques. 3Which one of the following best illustrates self-socialization?
a. At a party, Karen thinks, All the other kids are smoking pot. If I want them to think I'm cool, I need to smoke pot as well.
b. While his classmates talk with one another during their free time at the end of the school day, Stuart is content to read a book at his desk.
c. Roy works hard to keep his grades up so he can get into a good college and make his parents proud.
d. Phadra feels remorseful when she accidentally breaks another girl's arm in a collision during a soccer game.
Ques. 4Kevin tells himself, Even though Grandpa just died, I mustn't cry at school today, or the other kids will laugh at me. This situation illustrates:
a. The personal fable phenomenon
b. Resilience
c. Hormonal differences
d. Self-socialization
Ques. 5Research on gender differences in students' sense of self tells us that:
a. In adolescence, girls rate their physical appearance more positively than boys do.
b. On average, girls have a better overall sense of self-worth than boys.
c. Boys are more likely than girls to overrate their abilities.
d. Boys are more likely than girls to see themselves as being good readers.
Ques. 6The textbook suggests that the effects of peer pressure have been overrated. Three of the following are factors that ameliorate, or soften, the potential effects of peer pressure. Which statement is not necessarily accurate?
a. Students may give an outward impression of acting cool or going along with the crowd while secretly behaving in accordance with their own standards.
b. Students tend to hang out with peers whose values and interests are similar to their own.
c. Students retain some of the values they have acquired from their families.
d. Most adolescents have developed abstract moral principles that guide their daily decision making.
Ques. 7Peer relationships, like parent-child relationships, are essential to a child's development. Which one of the following is not one of the ways that peer relationships influence the developing child?
a. Peer relationships provide opportunities to develop and practice social skills.
b. Peers are the first individuals to whom a child becomes deeply emotionally attached.
c. Peers can be a source of emotional support during difficult times.
d. Peers provide information about which behaviors are desirable and which are not.
Ques. 8Marietta is a high school student. Considering what psychologists have learned about the effects of gender schemas, and without knowing anything else about Marietta, in which area would you expect her to have the strongest motivation to do well?
a. Dressing fashionably
b. Pursuing a career in electrical engineering
c. Becoming a world-renowned body builder
d. Mastering auto mechanics
Ques. 9Which one of the following examples illustrates how the imaginary audience can be a factor in the adolescent's developing self-concept?
a. Annette talks to an invisible friend when she is having problems and feels she has no one else to turn to.
b. Bernita feels as if everyone must be looking at her when she walks down the hall with her friends.
c. Candy feels detached, as if she has no life of her own but is only watching everyone else live their lives.
d. Dora feels self-conscious when she has to get up in front of her class and give a speech from memory.
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